Clinical Pharmacology

High-Yield Pharmacology topics explained via their physiological underpinnings. Specifically focused on topics covered on USMLE/COMLEX exams.
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Key Sources

Brown, Morris J. Clinical Pharmacology, 2019.
Katzung, Bertram G. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018.
Katzung, Bertram G. Katzung & Trevor’s Pharmacology Examination & Board Review. Twelfth edition. A Lange Medical Book. New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2019.

References

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Ament, Paul W., Namirah Jamshed, and John P. Horne. “Linezolid: Its Role in the Treatment of Gram-Positive, Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.” American Family Physician 65, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 663.
Chakraborty, Sumit, Todd Gruber, Clifton E. Barry, Helena I. Boshoff, and Kyu Y. Rhee. “Para-Aminosalicylic Acid Acts as an Alternative Substrate of Folate Metabolism in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 339, no. 6115 (January 4, 2013): 88–91. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228980.
Ciesiołka, Jerzy, Małgorzata Jeżowska-Bojczuk, Jan Wrzesiński, Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys, Justyna Nagaj, Aleksandra Kasprowicz, Leszek Błaszczyk, and Wojciech Szczepanik. “Antibiotic Bacitracin Induces Hydrolytic Degradation of Nucleic Acids.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1840, no. 6 (June 2014): 1782–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.034.
Courvalin, Patrice. “Vancomycin Resistance in Gram-Positive Cocci.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 42, no. Supplement_1 (January 1, 2006): S25–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/491711.
Duplessis, Christopher, and Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone. “Ceftaroline: A New Cephalosporin with Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA).” Clinical Medicine Reviews in Therapeutics 3 (February 10, 2011). https://doi.org/10.4137/CMRT.S1637.
Eliakim-Raz, Noa, Moran Hellerman, Dafna Yahav, Jonathan Cohen, Ili Margalit, Sharon Fisher, Oren Zusman, Hila Shaked, and Jihad Bishara. “Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole versus Vancomycin in the Treatment of Healthcare/Ventilator-Associated MRSA Pneumonia: A Case–control Study.” Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 882–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw510.
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Healy, Vicki L, Ivan AD Lessard, David I Roper, James R Knox, and Christopher T Walsh. “Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococci: Reprogramming of the d-Ala–d-Ala Ligases in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis.” Chemistry & Biology 7, no. 5 (May 2000): R109–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-5521(00)00116-2.
Hohenegger, Martin. “Drug Induced Rhabdomyolysis.” Current Opinion in Pharmacology 12, no. 3 (June 2012): 335–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2012.04.002.
Jacoby, George A. “Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 41, no. Supplement_2 (July 15, 2005): S120–26. https://doi.org/10.1086/428052.
Katukuri, Goutham Reddy, Raja Naga Mahesh Maddala, Kusugodlu Ramamoorthi, and Manjunatha Hande. “Cefoperazone Induced Gastrointestinal Bleeding.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR 10, no. 8 (August 2016): OD10–11. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/19694.8316.
Levinson, W. E. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 14th Ed. Lange (2016).
Macy, Eric, and Richard Contreras. “Adverse Reactions Associated with Oral and Parenteral Use of Cephalosporins: A Retrospective Population-Based Analysis.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 3 (March 2015): 745-752.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.062.
Momekov, Georgi, Denitsa Momekova, Georgi Stavrakov, Yulian Voynikov, and P Peikov. “Para-Aminosalicylic Acid - Biopharmaceutical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Features and Resurgence as an Anti-Tuberculous Agent.” Pharmacia 62 (March 1, 2015): 25–51.
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Papadopoulos, Stella, Amanda M. Ball, Susanne E. Liewer, Craig A. Martin, P. Shane Winstead, and Brian S. Murphy. “Rhabdomyolysis during Therapy with Daptomycin.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 42, no. 12 (June 15, 2006): e108–10. https://doi.org/10.1086/504379.
Poirel, Laurent, Aurélie Jayol, and Patrice Nordmann. “Polymyxins: Antibacterial Activity, Susceptibility Testing, and Resistance Mechanisms Encoded by Plasmids or Chromosomes.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 557–96. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00064-16.
Prescott, William A., Daryl D. DePestel, Jeffrey J. Ellis, and Randolph E. Regal. “Incidence of Carbapenem-Associated Allergic-Type Reactions among Patients with versus Patients without a Reported Penicillin Allergy.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 38, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 1102–7. https://doi.org/10.1086/382880.
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Raghavan, Rajeev, and Saed Shawar. “Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Interstitial Nephritis.” Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 24, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.004.
Randall, Christopher P., Katherine R. Mariner, Ian Chopra, and Alex J. O’Neill. “The Target of Daptomycin Is Absent from Escherichia Coli and Other Gram-Negative Pathogens.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 637–39. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02005-12.
Smith, Liz. “Management of Bacterial Meningitis: New Guidelines from the IDSA.” American Family Physician 71, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 2003.
Tran, Truc T., Jose M. Munita, and Cesar A. Arias. “Mechanisms of Drug Resistance: Daptomycin Resistance.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1354 (September 2015): 32–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12948.
Zhanel, George G., Ryan Wiebe, Leanne Dilay, Kristjan Thomson, Ethan Rubinstein, Daryl J. Hoban, Ayman M. Noreddin, and James A. Karlowsky. “Comparative Review of the Carbapenems.” Drugs 67, no. 7 (2007): 1027–52.
———. “Drug Induced Rhabdomyolysis.” Current Opinion in Pharmacology 12, no. 3 (June 2012): 335–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2012.04.002.
———. “Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Interstitial Nephritis.” Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Tubulointerstitial Disorders, 24, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.004.
“Ceftazidime | Johns Hopkins Guides.” Accessed May 10, 2018. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540101/all/Ceftazidime.
“How Sulfa Drugs Work.” National Institutes of Health (NIH), May 15, 2015. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-sulfa-drugs-work.
“Myopathy Associated with Daptomycin Use | 2006-09-01 | AHC Media: Continuing Medical Education Publishing | Home Browser Title Tagline.” Accessed May 3, 2018. https://www.ahcmedia.com/articles/print/122969-myopathy-associated-with-daptomycin-use.