Table of Contents

Suggested References for Clinical Pain

Master List – Alphabetically Ordered

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Azhar, B. et al., 2014. Misdiagnosis of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Endovascular Therapy, 21(4), pp.568–575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/13-4626mr.1.

Hernesniemi, J.A., Vänni, V. & Hakala, T., 2015. The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is consistently high among patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 62(1), pp.232–240.e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2015.02.037.

Abdominal Pain in the Elderly

Coulie, MD, PhD, B. & Camilleri, MD, M., 1999. Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction. Annual Review of Medicine, 50(1), pp.37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.37.

Esses, D. et al., 2004. Ability of CT to alter decision making in elderly patients with acute abdominal pain. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 22(4), pp.270–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.04.004.

Huang, Q. et al., 2015. Predictors of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by digestive manifestations: data from a Southern China lupus cohort. Lupus, 25(3), pp.248–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203315605366.

Kizer, K.W. & Vassar, M.J., 1998. Emergency department diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the elderly. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(4), pp.357–362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(98)90127-9.

Lewis, L.M. et al., 2005. Etiology and Clinical Course of Abdominal Pain in Senior Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 60(8), pp.1071–1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/60.8.1071.

Saunders, M.D., 2007. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 21(4), pp.671–687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2007.03.001.

Vanek, V.W. & Al-Salti, M., 1986. Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvieʼs syndrome). Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 29(3), pp.203–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02555027.

Absence of C2

Baumgart, M. et al., 2016. Morphometric study of the neural ossification centers of the atlas and axis in the human fetus. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 38(10), pp.1205–1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1681-2.

Chau, A.M.T., Wong, J.H.-Y. & Mobbs, R.J., 2009. Cervical Myelopathy Associated With Congenital C2/3 Canal Stenosis and Deficiencies of the Posterior Arch of the Atlas and Laminae of the Axis. Spine, 34(24), pp.E886–E891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3181b64f0a.

Hosalkar, H.S. et al., 2008. Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Upper Cervical Spine. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 90(2), pp.337–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.g.00014.

Srivastava, S.K. et al., 2016. Congenital Absence of Posterior Elements of C2 Vertebra with Atlanto-Axial Dislocation and Basilar Invagination: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Asian Spine Journal, 10(1), p.170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2016.10.1.170.

Acute Appendicitis

Gorter, R.R. et al., 2016. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surgical Endoscopy, 30(11), pp.4668–4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5245-7.

Katagiri, H. et al., 2016. Barium appendicitis: A single institution review in Japan. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 8(9), p.651. http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v8.i9.651.

Segev, L. et al., 2016. Appendectomy in Pregnancy: Appraisal of the Minimally Invasive Approach. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, 26(11), pp.893–897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lap.2016.0280.

Acrylamide

Wei, X. et al., 2015. Neuroprotective Effect of Calpeptin on Acrylamide-Induced Neuropathy in Rats. Neurochemical Research, 40(11), pp.2325–2332. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-015-1722-y.

Perez-Saad, H. et al., 2017. Neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor in experimental acrylamide neuropathy: an electrophysiological approach. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 22(2), pp.106–111. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jns.12214. 

Acute Peritonitis

Abdalla, S.M., Kalra, G. & Moshiree, B., 2016. Motility Evaluation in the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 26(4), pp.719–738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2016.06.010.

Asicioglu, E. et al., 2010. Unusual presentation of peritonitis with persistent clear aspirate: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 4(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-4-383.

Blevrakis, Evangelos et al., 2016. Primary bacterial peritonitis in a previously healthy adolescent female: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 28, pp.111–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.09.009.

Hirata, Y., Ihara, S. & Koike, K., 2016. Targeting the complex interactions between microbiota, host epithelial and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacological Research, 113, pp.574–584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.044.

Law, S.-T. & Li, K.K., 2013. Age-related differences in the clinical course of Crohn’s disease in an asian population: A retrospective cohort review. Indian Pediatrics, 50(12), pp.1148–1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-013-0301-z.

Lobo, L.A., Benjamim, C.F. & Oliveira, A.C., 2016. The interplay between microbiota and inflammation: lessons from peritonitis and sepsis. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 5(7), p.e90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cti.2016.32.

Lopez, R.N. et al., 2016. Faecal Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13611.

Roggenbuck,D.,Reinhold,D., Baumgart,D.C., Schierack,P., Conrad,K., Laass, M.W. 2016. Autoimmunity in Crohn's Disease—A Putative Stratification Factor of the Clinical

Phenotype, 77, pp.77-101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717419

Ştefănescu, D. et al., 2016. Advanced Endoscopic Imaging Techniques for the Study of Colonic Mucosa in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine, 54(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2015-0050.

Acute polyneuropathy cytosine arabinoside

Nevill, T.J., Benstead, T.J., McCormick, C.W. and Hayne, O.A., 1989. Horner's syndrome and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy caused by highdose cytosine arabinoside. American journal of hematology, 32(4), pp.314-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830320414  

Openshaw, H., et al., 1996, Acute polyneuropathy after high dose cytosine arabinoside in patients with leukemia. Cancer, 78(9), pp. 1899-1905. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8909309

Adhesive Arachnoiditis

Carlswärd, C. et al., 2016. Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis After Repeat Epidural Blood Patch. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, 36(2), pp.112–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000482649.39000.84.

Idris, Z., Ghazali, F. & Abdullah, J., 2014. Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder. Surgical Neurology International, 5(1), p.151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.143364.

Petty, P.G., Hudgson, P. & Hare, W.S.C., 2000. Symptomatic lumbar spinal arachnoiditis: fact or fallacy? Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 7(5), pp.395–399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jocn.1999.0223.

Riley, C.A. & Spiegel, J.E., 2009. Complications following large-volume epidural blood patches for postdural puncture headache. Lumbar subdural hematoma and arachnoiditis: initial cause or final effect? Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 21(5), pp.355–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.08.028.

Age Related Pain Differences

Briggs, A.M. et al., 2016. Musculoskeletal Health Conditions Represent a Global Threat to Healthy Aging: A Report for the 2015 World Health Organization World Report on Ageing and Health. The Gerontologist, 56(Suppl 2), pp.S243–S255. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw002.

Oosterman, J.M. & Veldhuijzen, D.S., 2016. On the interplay between chronic pain and age with regard to neurocognitive integrity: Two interacting conditions? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 69, pp.174–192. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.009.

Molton, I.R. & Terrill, A.L., 2014. Overview of persistent pain in older adults. American Psychologist, 69(2), pp.197–207. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035794.

Gagliese, L., 2009. Pain and Aging: The Emergence of a New Subfield of Pain Research. The Journal of Pain, 10(4), pp.343–353. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.10.013.

Alcohol

Zeng, L., Alongkronrusmee, D. & van Rijn, R.M., 2017. An integrated perspective on diabetic, alcoholic, and drug-induced neuropathy, etiology, and treatment in the US. Journal of Pain Research, Volume 10, pp.219–228. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s125987.

Wöhrle, J.C. et al., 1998. Alcohol-Related Acute Axonal Polyneuropathy. Archives of Neurology, 55(10), p.1329. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.55.10.1329.

Koike, H. et al., 2001. Painful alcoholic polyneuropathy with predominant small-fiber loss and normal thiamine status. Neurology, 56(12), pp.1727–1732. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.56.12.1727.

Chopra, K. & Tiwari, V., 2012. Alcoholic neuropathy: possible mechanisms and future treatment possibilities. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 73(3), pp.348–362. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04111.x.

Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood

Heimer, G. et al., 2015. CAOS--Episodic Cerebellar Ataxia, Areflexia, Optic Atrophy, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Third Allelic Disorder of the ATP1A3 Gene. Journal of Child Neurology, 30(13), pp.1749–1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073815579708.

Holm, T.H. & Lykke-Hartmann, K., 2016. Insights into the Pathology of the α3 Na+/K+-ATPase Ion Pump in Neurological Disorders; Lessons from Animal Models. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00209.

Sweney, M.T., Newcomb, T.M. & Swoboda, K.J., 2015. The Expanding Spectrum of

Neurological Phenotypes in Children With ATP1A3 Mutations, Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, Rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism, CAPOS and Beyond. Pediatric Neurology, 52(1), pp.56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.09.015.

Swoboda, K.J. et al., 2004. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood or familial hemiplegic migraine?: A novelATP1A2 mutation. Annals of Neurology, 55(6), pp.884–887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20134.

Amiodarone

Niimi, N. et al., 2016. Involvement of oxidative stress and impaired lysosomal degradation in amiodarone-induced schwannopathy M. Watanabe, ed. European Journal of Neuroscience, 44(1), pp.1723–1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13268.

Rosseti, N. et al., 2010. Amiodarone-related pneumonitis and peripheral neuropathy in an elderly patient. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(5-6), pp.466–469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03324945.

Ankylosing Spondylitis Blair, H.A. & Dhillon, S., 2016. Secukinumab: A Review in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Drugs, 76(10), pp.1023–1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-016-0598-8.

Braun, J. & Sieper, J., 2007. Ankylosing spondylitis. The Lancet, 369(9570), pp.1379–1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60635-7.

Hung, Y.-M. et al., 2016. Midlife Ankylosing Spondylitis Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Males 5 Years Later. Medicine, 95(18), p.e3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000003596.

Nuki, G., 1998. Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA B27, and beyond. The Lancet, 351(9105), pp.767–769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78922-4.

Osman, M.S. & Maksymowych, W.P., 2016. An update on the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Expert Review of

Clinical Immunology, pp.1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1744666x.2016.1218761.

Toussirot, E., 2012. The IL23/Th17 Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Chronic

Inflammatory Diseases. Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets, 11(2), pp.159–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152812800392805.

Weiss, B.G. et al., 2015. Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Conjunction with Clinical Variables to Whole Body MRI and Clinical Variables in Ankylosing Spondylitis. The Journal of Rheumatology, 43(2), pp.335–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150162.

Anterior Cutaneous Nerve

Chrona, E. et al., 2017. Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: management challenges. Journal of Pain Research, Volume 10, pp.145–156. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s99337.

Applegate, W., 2002. Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES): A Commonly Overlooked Cause of Abdominal Pain. The Permanente Journal, 6(3), pp 20-27. Available at: https://www.thepermanentejournal.org/files/Summer2002/acnes.pdf

Van Assen, T. et al., 2015. Incidence of abdominal pain due to the anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome in an emergency department. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23(1), p.19. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0096-0.

Applegate, W., 1997. Microanatomy of the structures contributing to abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. J Am Board Fam Pract.,10(5), pp. 329-32. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9297657

Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment

Glissen Brown, J.R. et al., 2016. Chronic Abdominal Wall Pain. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 50(10), pp.828–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0000000000000636.

Rivero Fernández M, Moreira Vicente V, Riesco López JM, Rodríguez Gandía MA, Garrido Gómez E, Milicua Salamero JM. [Pain originating from the abdominal wall: a forgotten diagnostic option]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Apr;30(4):244-50. Review. Spanish. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/17408555

Roumen RM, Scheltinga MR. [Abdominal intercostal neuralgia: a forgotten cause of abdominal pain]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006 Sep 2;150(35):1909-15. Dutch. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16999272

Rozen, W.M. et al., 2008. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves: A new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall. Clinical Anatomy, 21(4), pp.325–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20621.

Van Assen, T. et al., 2015. Incidence of abdominal pain due to the anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome in an emergency department. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23(1), p.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0096-0.

Anterior Interosseous Nerve

Komaru, Y. & Inokuchi, R., 2017. Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. QJM, 110 (4), pp. 243. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcw227.

Kowalska, B. et al., 2012. Ultrasound assessment on selected peripheral nerve pathologies. Part I: Entrapment neuropathies of the upper limb – excluding carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Ultrasonography, 12(50), pp.307–318. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/jou.2012.0016.

Strohl, A.B. & Zelouf, D.S., 2017. Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome, Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome, and Pronator Syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 25(1), pp.e1–e10. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00010.

Apert Syndrome

Breik, O. et al., 2016. Central nervous system and cervical spine abnormalities in Apert syndrome. Child’s Nervous System, 32(5), pp.833–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3036-z.

Thompson, D.N. et al., 2008. Congenital Cervical Spinal Fusion; A Study in Apert Syndrome. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 25(1), pp.20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000121091.

Arsenic Fowler, B.A. & Weissberg, J.B., 1974. Arsine Poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine, 291(22), pp.1171–1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm197411282912207.

Kuhn, M. et al., 2016. Severe acute axonal neuropathy following treatment with arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia: a case report. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 8, p.2016023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2016.023.

Massey, E.W., 1981. Arsenic neuropathy. Neurology, 31(8), pp.1057–1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.31.8.1057-a.

Atypical Odontalgia

Baad-Hansen, L., 2008. Atypical odontalgia - pathophysiology and clinical management. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 35(1), pp.1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01813.x.

Balasubramaniam, R. Okeson, J.P., et al., 2011. Non-odontogenic toothache revisited. Open Journal of Stomatology, 01(03), pp.92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2011.13015.

Marbach, J.J. et al., 1982. Incidence of phantom tooth pain: An atypical facial neuralgia. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 53(2), pp.190–193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(82)90285-7.

Melis, M. et al., 2003. Atypical Odontalgia: A Review of the Literature. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 43(10), pp.1060–1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.2003.03207.x.

Okeson, J.P. et al., 2000 Non-odontogenic toothache. North-west Dent, 79, pp 37-44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/11413614/

Okeson, J.P. et al., 2000. Nonodentogenic Toothache. Tex. Dent J, 117:64-74 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11858065

Sotorra-Figuerola, D. et al., 2016. Continuous neurophatic orofacial pain: A retrospective study of 23 cases. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 8(2), pp. e153-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.52560.

Vickers, E.R. et al., 1998. Analysis of 50 patients with atypical odontalgia. Oral Surgery,

Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 85(1), pp.24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90393-6.

Zakrzewska, J.M., 2013. Multi-dimensionality of chronic pain of the oral cavity and face. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 14(1), p.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-37.

Avulsion Injury

Chu, T.-H. & Wu, W., 2009. Neurotrophic Factor Treatment After Spinal Root Avulsion Injury. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 9(1), pp.40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152409787601914.

Eggers, R. et al., 2015. Clinical and neurobiological advances in promoting regeneration of the ventral root avulsion lesion D. Kirik, ed. European Journal of Neuroscience, 43(3), pp.318–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13089.

Sporns, P.B., Fortmann, T., Zimmer, S., Zoubi, T. and Schwindt, W., 2015. Traumatic plexus lesion with cervicothoracic root avulsions and vertical laceration of the spinal cord. RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin, 187(10), p.938. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26019050

Axillary Nerve

Perlmutter, G.S., 1999. Axillary Nerve Injury. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 368, p.28-36. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199911000-00005.

Perlmutter, G.S. & Apruzzese, W., 1998. Axillary Nerve Injuries in Contact Sports. Sports Medicine, 26(5), pp.351–361. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199826050-00005

B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency

Albin, R.L. et al., 1987. Acute sensory neuropathy-neuronopathy from pyridoxine overdose. Neurology, 37(11), pp.1729–1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.37.11.1729.

Gandhi, A.K. et al., 2012. Crystal Structures of Human Pyridoxal Kinase in Complex with the Neurotoxins, Ginkgotoxin and Theophylline: Insights into Pyridoxal Kinase Inhibition I. Silman, ed. PLoS ONE, 7(7), p.e40954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040954.

Ghavanini, A.A. & Kimpinski, K., 2014. Revisiting the Evidence for Neuropathy Caused by Pyridoxine Deficiency and Excess. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease, 16(1), pp.25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnd.0000000000000049.

Lheureux, P., Penaloza, A. & Gris, M., 2005. Pyridoxine in clinical toxicology: a review. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12(2), pp.78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200504000-00007.

Backpack Palsy

Mäkelä, J.P. et al., 2006. Brachial Plexus Lesions after Backpack Carriage in Young Adults. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 452, pp.205–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000229338.29277.29.

Nylund, T. et al., 2011. Recovery of brachial plexus lesions resulting from heavy backpack use: A follow-up case series. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 12(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-12-62.

Behçet’s Disease

Hatemi, G., Seyahi, E., Fresko, I., Talarico, R. and Hamuryudan, V., 2014. Behçet's syndrome: a critical digest of the 2013-2014 literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 32(4 Suppl 84), pp.S112-S122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26487500

Morton, L.T., Situnayake, D. & Wallace, G.R., 2016. Genetics of Behçetʼs disease. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 28(1), pp.39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bor.0000000000000234.

Noel N, Drier A, Wechsler B, Piette JC, De Paz R, Dormont D et al, 2014, Neurological manifestations of Behcet's disease. Rev Med Interne. 2014 Feb;35(2):112-20. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.003.

Bornholm’s Disease

Kenzaka, T. et al., 2016. A case of epidemic myalgia with symptoms resembling acute purulent spondylitis and discitis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1181-x.

Mizuta, K. et al., 2012. Epidemic Myalgia in Adults Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 Infection, Yamagata, Japan, 2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(11), pp.1787–1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1811.111570.

Bortezomib

Abid, M.B. et al., 2016. Bortezomib-related neuropathy may mask CNS relapse in multiple myeloma: A call for diligence. Cancer Biology & Therapy, 17(7), pp.723–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2016.1178427.

Badros, A. et al., 2007. Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: A single-center experience and review of the literature. Cancer, 110(5), pp.1042–1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22921.

Castro, T.B.M. et al., 2016. Pharmacovigilance of patients with multiple myeloma being treated with bortezomib and/or thalidomide. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 49(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165128.

Joh, T. et al., 2009. Dorsal Column Degeneration after Bortezomib Therapy in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma. Case Reports in Oncology, 2(3), pp.184–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000231996.

Brachial Plexus Imaging

Boulanger, X. et al., 2013. Imaging of the non-traumatic brachial plexus. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, 94(10), pp.945–956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2013.06.015.

Silbermann-Hoffman, O. & Teboul, F., 2013. Post-traumatic brachial plexus MRI in practice. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, 94(10), pp.925–943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2013.08.013.

Brachial Plexus Injury

Cho, A.B. et al., 2015. Intercostal nerve transfer to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Microsurgery, 35(6), pp.428–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.22453.

De Moraes, F.B. et al., 2015. Evaluation of elbow flexion following free muscle transfer from the medial gastrocnemius or transfer from the latissimus dorsi, in cases of traumatic injury of the brachial plexus. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition), 50(6), pp.660–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2015.09.007.

Giuffre, J.L. et al., 2010. Current Concepts of the Treatment of Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 35(4), pp.678–688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.01.021.

Miranda, G.E. and Torres, R.Y., 2016. Epidemiology of Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries Evaluated with Electrodiagnostic Studies in a Tertiary Care Hospital Clinic. Puerto Rico health sciences journal, 35(2), pp.76-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232868

Sinha, S. et al., 2016. Adult brachial plexus injuries: Surgical strategies and approaches. Neurology India, 64(2), p.289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.177597.

Brachial Plexus Metastatic Tumor

Arnold, W.D. et al., 2012. Electrodiagnostic Findings Heralding Neoplastic Brachial Plexopathy. PM&R, 4(3), pp.238–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.12.002.

Lynch, A. & Peters, G., 2012. Brachial plexus tumor simulating an axillary metastasis from breast carcinoma. Radiology Case Reports, 7(3), p.712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2484/rcr.v7i3.712.

Maâroufi, M., Kamaoui, I., Boubbou, M., Sqalli, N. and Tizniti, S., 2013. [A rare cause of brachial plexopathy: a metastasis of breast cancer]. The Pan African medical journal, 18, pp.12-12. http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4213524

Metter, I., Alkalay, D., Mozes, M., Geffen, D.B. and Ferit, T., 1995. Isolated metastases to peripheral nerves. Report of five cases involving the brachial plexus. Cancer, 76(10), pp.1829-1832. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19951115)76:10<1829::aid-cncr2820761023>3.0.co;2-7

Yuh, E.L. et al., 2014. Diffusivity Measurements Differentiate Benign from Malignant Lesions in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy or Plexopathy. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 36(1), pp.202–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4080.

Brachial Plexus Radiation-Induced Plexopathies

Belaid, A., Kanoun, S., Kallel, A., Ghorbel, I., Azoury, F., Heymann, S., Pichenot, C., Verstraet, R., Marsiglia, H. and Bourgier, C., 2010. [Breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement]. Cancer radiotherapie: journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique, 14, pp.S136-46. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/21129656

Dropcho, E.J., 2010. Neurotoxicity of Radiation Therapy. Neurologic Clinics, 28(1), pp.217–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.008.

Gosk, J., Rutowski, R., Reichert, P. and Rabczynski, J., 2007. Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy-aetiopathogenesis, risk factors, differential diagnostics, symptoms and treatment. Folia Neuropathologica, 45(1), p.26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357008

Jaeckle, K., 2010. Neurologic Manifestations of Neoplastic and Radiation-Induced Plexopathies. Seminars in Neurology, 30(03), pp.254–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255219.

Brachial Plexus Primary Tumors

Binder, D.K., Smith, J.S. & Barbaro, N.M., 2004. Primary brachial plexus tumors: imaging, surgical, and pathological findings in 25 patients. Neurosurgical FOCUS, 16(5), pp.1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.12.

Chhabra, A. et al., 2012. High-Resolution 3T MR Neurography of the Brachial Plexus and Its Branches, with Emphasis on 3D Imaging. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 34(3), pp.486–497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a3287.

Siqueira, M.G., Martins, R.S. & Teixeira, M.J., 2009. Management of brachial plexus region tumours and tumour-like conditions: relevant diagnostic and surgical features in a consecutive series of eighteen patients. Acta Neurochirurgica, 151(9), pp.1089–1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0380-8.

Brachial Plexus: Gunshot/Laceration

Kim, D.H. et al., 2004. Mechanisms of injury in operative brachial plexus lesions. Neurosurgical FOCUS, 16(5), pp.1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.3.

Kim, D.H. et al., 2005. Lacerations to the Brachial Plexus: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 21(07), pp.435–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-918895.

Kim, D.H. et al., 2006. Gunshot Wounds Involving the Brachial Plexus: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 22(02), pp.067–072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-932499.

Brain Tumor Headache

Alentorn, A., Hoang-Xuan, K. & Mikkelsen, T., 2016. Presenting signs and symptoms in brain tumors. Gliomas, pp.19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802997-8.00002-5.

Churchill, N. et al., 2016. Brain Structure and Function Associated with a History of Sport Concussion: A Multi-Modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Journal of Neurotrauma. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4531

Hoffer, M.E. et al., 2016. Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury F. H. Kobeissy, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(1), p.e0146039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146039.

Lucas, S., 2015. Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 19(10). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1.

Merritt, V.C., Ukueberuwa, D.M. & Arnett, P.A., 2016. Relationship between the apolipoprotein E gene and headache following sports-related concussion. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 38(9), pp.941–949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2016.1177491.

Wright, A.D. et al., 2016. Myelin Water Fraction Is Transiently Reduced after a Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury – A Prospective Cohort Study in Collegiate Hockey Players F. de Castro, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(2), p.e0150215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150215.

Zhang, P. et al., 2016. Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of 33 adult unilateral thalamic gliomas. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 14(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12957-016-0820-x.

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Beltran, M. 2016. Transdural spinal cord herniation: A rare cause of Brown-Sequard syndrome. Revue médicale de Bruxelles, 37(2):.101-103. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487695

Dlouhy, B.J., Dahdaleh, N.S. and Howard 3rd, M.A., 2013. Radiographic and intraoperative imaging of a hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in a pure Brown-Sequard syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 57(1), pp.81-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23584224

Ranga, U. and Aiyappan, S.K., 2014. Brown-Séquard syndrome. The Indian journal of medical research, 140(4), p.572. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4277151/

Burner/Stinger

Kelly, J.D., Aliquo, D., Sitler, M.R., Odgers, C. and Moyer, R.A., 2000. Association of burners with cervical canal and foraminal stenosis. The American journal of sports medicine, 28(2), pp.214-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280021

Quong, W.L., Hynes, S.L. & Arneja, J.S., 2015. Pediatric Stinger Syndrome. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 3(11), p.e560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000543.

Weinberg, J., Rokito, S. & Silber, J.S., 2003. Etiology, treatment, and prevention of athletic “stingers.” Clinics in Sports Medicine, 22(3), pp.493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(02)00057-1.

Burning Mouth Syndrome

Beneng, K. et al., 2016. Pain Part 8: Burning Mouth Syndrome. Dent Update, 43(3):254-6. http://www.exodontia.info/files/Dent_Update_2016._Pain_Part_8._Burning_Mouth_Syndrome.pdf

Nasri-Heir, C. et al., 2015. Burning mouth syndrome: Current concepts. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, 15(4), p.300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4052.171823.

Shinozaki, T. et al., 2016. Spatial and Temporal Brain Responses to Noxious Heat Thermal Stimuli in Burning Mouth Syndrome. Journal of Dental Research, 95(10), pp.1138–1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653580.

Steele, J.C., 2016. The practical evaluation and management of patients with symptoms of a sore burning mouth. Clinics in Dermatology, 34(4), pp.449–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.017.

Calcium Channels

Bourinet, E. et al., 2004. Silencing of the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel gene in sensory neurons demonstrates its major role in nociception. The EMBO Journal, 24(2), pp.315–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600515.

Jacus, M.O. et al., 2012. Presynaptic CaV3.2 Channels Regulate Excitatory Neurotransmission in Nociceptive Dorsal Horn Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(27), pp.9374–9382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0068-12.2012.

Jagodic, M.M. et al., 2007. Cell-Specific Alterations of T-Type Calcium Current in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Enhance Excitability of Sensory Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(12), pp.3305–3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4866-06.2007.

Weiss, N. et al., 2011. A Cav3.2/Syntaxin-1A Signaling Complex Controls T-type Channel Activity and Low-threshold Exocytosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(4), pp.2810–2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.290882.

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Hermiz, S.J. & Kalliainen, L.K., 2017. Evidence-Based Medicine. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 140(1), p.120e–129e. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000003477.

Jaeschke, R. et al., 2017. Systematic review: hand activity and ultrasound of the median nerve. Occupational Medicine, 67(5), pp.389–393. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx059.

Tang, D.T. et al., 2015. Nerve Entrapment. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 135(1), p.199e–215e. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000828.

Carotidynia

Aydil, U., Kizil, Y. & Köybaşioğlu, A., 2011. Less known non-infectious and neuromusculoskeletal system-originated anterolateral neck and craniofacial pain disorders. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 269(1), pp.9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-011-1746-0.

Burton, B.S., Syms, M.J., Petermann, G.W. and Burgess, L.P., 2000. MR imaging of patients with carotidynia. American journal of neuroradiology, 21(4), pp.766-769. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12533569_MR_Imaging_of_patients_with_carotidynia

Ellul, D. et al., 2007. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting as carotidynia in an 18-year-old patient. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 122(02). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107007293.

Emmanuelli, J.L., Gutierrez, J.R., Chiossone, J.A. and Chiossone, E., 1998. Carotidynia: a frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed syndrome. Ear, nose & throat journal, 77(6), p.462. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/1092514/carotidynia-frequently-overlooked-misdiagnosed-syndrome

Catamenial Neuroendometriosis

Cimsit, C., Yoldemir, T. & Akpinar, I.N., 2016. Sciatic neuroendometriosis: Magnetic resonance imaging defined perineural spread of endometriosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 42(7), pp.890–894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jog.12998.

Eric L. Zager, M.D. Mark J. Brown, M.D., 1999. Catamenial Mononeuropathy and Radiculopathy. Journal of Neurosurgery, 90(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.90.2.0374.

Siquara De Sousa, A.C. et al., 2015. Neural involvement in endometriosis: Review of anatomic distribution and mechanisms. Clinical Anatomy, 28(8), pp.1029–1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22617.

Catheter Entrapment

Han, J.L., Loriaux, D.B., Tybout, C., Kinon, M.D., Rahimpour, S., Runyon, S.L., Hopkins, T.J., Boortz-Marx, R.L. and Lad, S.P., 2016. Thoracic Nerve Root Entrapment by Intrathecal Catheter Coiling: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pain physician, 19(3), pp.E499-504. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008308

Cauda Equina Syndrome Post Post-Radiation

Abraham, A. & Drory, V.E., 2013. Postradiation lower motor neuron syndrome: case series and literature review. Journal of Neurology, 260(7), pp.1802–1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6881-7.

Bowen, J. et al., 1996. The Post-irradiation lower motor neuron syndrome Neuronopathy or radiculopathy? Brain, 119(5), pp.1429–1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/119.5.1429.

Matsuda, N. et al., 2015. Cauda Equina Involvement in Post-Radiation Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome. Internal Medicine, 54(11), pp.1415–1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4182.

Wohlgemuth, W.A. et al., 1998. Radiogene Amyotrophie. Der Nervenarzt, 69(12), pp.1061–1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050383.

Central Cord Syndrome

Douglas, J.D.M. & McIver, N.K.I., 2016. Re: Case report—Brown-Séquard syndrome: a rare manifestation of decompression sickness. Occupational Medicine, 66(4), pp.339–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw045.

Galgano, M. & Chin, L.S., 2015. Central Cord Syndrome in a Young Patient with Early Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament after Minor Trauma: A Case Report and Review. Cureus. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.284.

Schroeder, G.D. et al., 2016. The effect of increased T2 signal intensity in the spinal cord on the injury severity and early neurological recovery in patients with central cord syndrome. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 24(5), pp.792–796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.9.spine15661.

Stevenson, C.M. et al., 2016. Traumatic central cord syndrome: neurological and functional outcome at 3 years. Spinal Cord, 54(11), pp.1010–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.2016.34

Cervical Spondylolisthesis

Jiang, S.-D., Jiang, L.-S. & Dai, L.-Y., 2011. Degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis: a systematic review. International Orthopaedics, 35(6), pp.869–875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-010-1203-5.

Oichi, T. et al., 2016. Cervical Anterolisthesis. SPINE, 41(8), pp.E467–E473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001277.

Suzuki, A. et al., 2016. Clinical Outcome of Cervical Laminoplasty and Postoperative Radiological Change for Cervical Myelopathy With Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. SPINE, 41(23), pp.1808–1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001706.

Woiciechowsky, C., Thomale, U.-W. & Kroppenstedt, S.-N., 2004. Degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine — symptoms and surgical strategies depending on disease progress. European Spine Journal, 13(8), pp.680–684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-004-0673-9.

Cervical Cancer

Akbar, S.A.M. et al., 2016. Papillary Squamotransitional Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016, pp.1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7107910.

Benoulaid, M. et al., 2016. Skin metastases of cervical cancer: two case reports and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-1042-0.

Kaur, A., 2013. Transitional Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report with Clinical, Histological and Cytological Findings. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(12), 2954-2955 http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/6070.3804.

Cervical Myelopathy

Baba, S. et al., 2016. Risk Factor Analysis for C5 Palsy after Double-Door Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Asian Spine Journal, 10(2), p.298. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2016.10.2.298.

Nouri, A. et al., 2016. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques. Neurosurgical Focus, 40(6), p.E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.3.focus1667.

Patel, A.A. et al., 2012. Evidence of an Inherited Predisposition for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Spine, 37(1), pp.26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3182102ede.

Stoops, W.L. & King, R.B., 1962. Neural Complications of Cervical Spondylosis: Their Response to Laminectomy and Foramenotomy. Journal of Neurosurgery, 19(11), pp.986–999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1962.19.11.0986.

Cervical Perineural Cyst

Joshi, V.P. et al., 2014. Cervical Perineural Cyst Masquerading as a Cervical Spinal Tumor. Asian Spine Journal, 8(2), p.202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2014.8.2.202.

Kim, K., Chun, S.W. & Chung, S.G., 2011. A case of symptomatic cervical perineural (Tarlov) cyst: clinical manifestation and management. Skeletal Radiology, 41(1), pp.97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-011-1243-y.

Sen, R.K. et al., 2012. Tarlov Cysts: A Report of Two Cases. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 20(1), pp.87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949901202000117.

Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Freedman, B.A. et al., 2015. A Comparison of Computed Tomography Measures for Diagnosing Cervical Spinal Stenosis Associated with Myelopathy: A Case-Control Study. Asian Spine Journal, 9(1), p.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2015.9.1.22.

Morio, Y. et al., 2001. Correlation Between Operative Outcomes of Cervical Compression Myelopathy and MRI of the Spinal Cord. Spine, 26(11), pp.1238–1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200106010-00012.

Stafira, J.S., Sonnad, J.R., Yuh, W.T., Huard, D.R., Acker, R.E., Nguyen, D.L., Maley, J.E., Ramji, F.G., Li, W.B. and Loftus, C.M., 2003. Qualitative assessment of cervical spinal stenosis: observer variability on CT and MR images. American journal of neuroradiology, 24(4), pp.766-769. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12695220

Change in Myelinated Fibers

Hökfelt, T. et al., 2006. Central consequences of peripheral nerve damage. Wall and Melzack’s Textbook of Pain, pp.947–959. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-443-07287-6/50065-5.

Gillespie, C.S. et al., 2000. Peripheral Demyelination and Neuropathic Pain Behavior in Periaxin-Deficient Mice. Neuron, 26(2), pp.523–531. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81184-8.

Inoue, M. et al., 2004. Initiation of neuropathic pain requires lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling. Nature Medicine, 10(7), pp.712–718. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1060.

Mueller, B.K., Mack, H. & Teusch, N., 2005. Rho kinase, a promising drug target for neurological disorders. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4(5), pp.387–398. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1719.

Ueda, H. et al., 2013. Lysophosphatidic acid: Chemical signature of neuropathic pain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1831(1), pp.61–73. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.014.

Cheriralgia

Chodoroff G, Honet JC., 1985. Cheiralgia paresthetica and linear atrophy as a complication of local steroid injection. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 66(9), pp. 637-9. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038032

Lazzarino, L.G., Nicolai, A. & Toppani, D., 1983. A case of cheiralgia paresthetica secondary to diabetes mellitus. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 4(1), pp.103–106. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02043447.

Longfield, R.N., 1981. Cheiralgia Paresthetica After Necrotic Arachnidism. Archives of Neurology, 38(7), pp.470. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1981.00510070104030.

Chest Wall Tumor

Kobayashi, H. et al., 2015. Intercostal neuralgia as a symptom of an osteoblastoma in thoracic spine. BMJ Case Reports, p.bcr2015210720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-210720.

Mori T, 2011, Chest Wall Tumor, rib tumor. Kyobu Geka. 2011 Jul;64(8 Suppl):725-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21916185

Yaguchi, D. et al., 2015. An Autopsied Case of Malignant Sarcomatoid Pleural Mesothelioma in Which Chest Pain Developed Several Months Earlier without Abnormality on Imaging. Case Reports in Oncology, 8(3), pp.439–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441468.

Chloride Channels

Andre, S., 2003. Axotomy-Induced Expression of Calcium-Activated Chloride Current in Subpopulations of Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(6), pp.3764–3773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00449.2003.

Cho, H. et al., 2012. The calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 acts as a heat sensor in nociceptive neurons. Nature Neuroscience, 15(7), pp.1015–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3111.

Hartzell, C., Putzier, I. & Arreola, J., 2005. Calcium-activated chloride channels. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 67(1), pp.719–758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.032003.154341.

Kenyon, J.., 2000. The reversal potential of Ca2+-activated Cl− currents indicates that chick sensory neurons accumulate intracellular Cl−. Neuroscience Letters, 296(1), pp.9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01610-4.

Liu, B. et al., 2010. The acute nociceptive signals induced by bradykinin in rat sensory neurons are mediated by inhibition of M-type K+ channels and activation of Ca2+-activated Cl– channels. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 120(4), pp.1240–1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci41084.

Chronic Pelvic Pain

Abbott, J., 2010. Optimal management of chronic cyclical pelvic pain: an evidence-based and pragmatic approach. International Journal of Women’s Health, p.263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s7991.

As-Sanie, S. et al., 2013. Increased Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 122(5), pp.1047–1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3182a7e1f5.

Chung MK, Chung RP, Gordon D. Interstitial cystitis and endometriosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain: The "Evil Twins" syndrome. JSLS. 2005 Jan-Mar;9(1):25-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3015562/

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Dimitrakov, J. et al., 2008. Adrenocortical Hormone Abnormalities in Men with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Urology, 71(2), pp.261–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.09.025.

Hu Y, Niu X, Wang G, Huang J, Liu M, Peng B. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome impairs erectile function through increased endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and corporal fibrosis in a rat model. Andrology. 2016 Aug 27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27565759

Pontari, M.A. & Ruggieri, M.R., 2008. Mechanisms in Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. The Journal of Urology, 179(5), pp.S61–S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.139.

SHOSKES, D.A. et al., 2004. IMPACT OF POST-EJACULATORY PAIN IN MEN WITH CATEGORY III CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME. The Journal of Urology, 172(2), pp.542–547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000132798.48067.23.

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Khoury, P. et al., 2012. Serum biomarkers are similar in Churg-Strauss syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Allergy, 67(9), pp.1149–1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02873.x.

Kim, M. et al., 2012. Clinical Features And Prognostic Factors Of Churg-strauss Syndrome. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 129(2), p.AB214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.085.

Cisplatin

Ewertz, M., Qvortrup, C. & Eckhoff, L., 2015. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with taxanes and platinum derivatives. Acta Oncologica, 54(5), pp.587–591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0284186x.2014.995775.

Huang, Z.-Z. et al., 2016. Cerebrospinal Fluid Oxaliplatin Contributes to the Acute Pain Induced by Systemic Administration of Oxaliplatin. Anesthesiology, 124(5), pp.1109–1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001084.

Khattak, M.A., 2011. Calcium and Magnesium Prophylaxis for Oxaliplatin-Related Neurotoxicity: Is It a Trade-off Between Drug Efficacy and Toxicity? The Oncologist, 16(12), pp.1780–1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0157.

Lin, H., Heo, B.H. & Yoon, M.H., 2015. A New Rat Model of Cisplatin-induced Neuropathic Pain. The Korean Journal of Pain, 28(4), p.236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2015.28.4.236.

Taguchi, K., 2016. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Paclitaxel- and Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 136(2), pp.287–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.15-00214.

Clioquinol

Saito, Y., Sakai, K. & Konagaya, M., 2016. The prevalence of dementia in subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) patients who underwent medical checkups. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics, 53(2), pp.152–157. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.53.152.

Konagaya M1.2015. SMON: toxicity of clioquinol and the status quo. Brain Nerve., 67(1) pp. 49-62. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25585435. Article in Japanese. http://dx.doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416200086

Katsuyama, M. et al., 2012. Clioquinol induces DNA double-strand breaks, activation of ATM, and subsequent activation of p53 signaling. Toxicology, 299(1), pp.55–59. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.013.
Tateishi, J., 2000. Subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy: Clioquinol intoxication in humans and animals. Neuropathology, 20(s1), pp.20–24. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1789.2000.00296.x.

Fukui, T. et al., 2015. Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates neurotoxicity of clioquinol in PC12 cells. Toxicology, 331, pp.112–118. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.01.013.

Coccydymia

Grgić V., 2012. [Coccygodynia: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy]. Lijec̆nic̆ki Vjesnik, 134(1-2), 49-55. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22519253

Kim, N.H. & Suk, K.S., 1999. Clinical and radiological differences between traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia. Yonsei Medical Journal, 40(3), p.215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1999.40.3.215.

Maigne, J.-Y., Pigeau, I. & Roger, B., 2012. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the painful adult coccyx. European Spine Journal, 21(10), pp.2097–2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2202-6.

Patijn, J. et al., 2010. Coccygodynia. Pain Practice, 10(6), pp.554–559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00404.x.

Compartment Syndrome

McQueen, M.M. et al., 2013. The Estimated Sensitivity and Specificity of Compartment Pressure Monitoring for Acute Compartment Syndrome. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 95(8), pp.673–677. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.k.01731.

Ferlic, P.W. et al., 2012. The acute compartment syndrome following fractures of the lower leg in children. Injury, 43(10), pp.1743–1746. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2012.06.025.

Braver, R.T., 2016. Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 33(2), pp.219–233. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2015.12.002.

Condensing Osteitis

Hsu, C. Y., F. Frassica, and E. G. McFarland. Condensing osteitis of the clavicle: case report and review of the literature. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, NJ) 27.6 (1998): 445-447. http://dx.doi.org/europepmc.org.

Imran, M.B. & Othman, S., 2010. Bilateral condensing osteitis of clavicles: differential diagnosis of an unusual case. Rheumatology International, 32(9), pp.2921–2923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-010-1480-8.

Rand, T. et al., 1998. Condensing Osteitis of the Clavicle: MRI. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 22(4), pp.621–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199807000-00021.

Congenital Defects (Absent Pedicle)

Abduljabbar, F.H. et al., 2015. Misdiagnosing absent pedicle of cervical spine in the acute trauma setting. Orthopedic Reviews, 7(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2015.5889.

Goodwin, C.R. et al., 2016. Cervical Fusion for Absent Pedicle Syndrome Manifesting with Myelopathy. World Neurosurgery, 86, pp.515.e17–515.e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.017.

Oh, Y.-M. et al., 2009. Posterior arch defects of the cervical spine: a comparison between absent pedicle syndrome and spondylolysis. The Spine Journal, 9(7), pp.e1–e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2009.01.006.

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain

Eregowda, N.I., 2016. Girl with No Pain: Congenital Insensitivity To Pain and Anhidrosis (HSAN) Type IV - A Case Report. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research [serial online] 2016 Feb [cited:2017 Jan 1] 02 ZL01 - ZL02 http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2016/16514.7317.

Kurth, I. et al., 2016. Whole exome sequencing in congenital pain insensitivity identifies a novel causative intronicNTRK1-mutation due to uniparental disomy. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 171(6), pp.875–878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32458.

Pérez-López, L.M. et al., 2015. Update Review and Clinical Presentation in Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2015, pp.1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/589852.

Wang, Q.-L. et al., 2016. Phenotypes and Genotypes in Five Children with Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis. Pediatric Neurology, 61, pp.63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.04.006.

Zhang, S. et al., 2016. Clinical features for diagnosis and management of patients with PRDM12 congenital insensitivity to pain. Journal of Medical Genetics, 53(8), pp.533–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103646.

Costochondritis

Jindal, A. & Singhi, S., 2011. Acute Chest Pain. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 78(10), pp.1262–1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-011-0413-1.

Oh, R.C. & Johnson, J.D., 2012. Chest Pain and Costochondritis Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Report of Two Cases. Case Reports in Medicine, 2012, pp.1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375730.

Cough Headache

Allena, M. et al., 2010. Focus on therapy of the Chapter IV headaches provoked by exertional factors: primary cough headache, primary exertional headache and primary headache associated with sexual activity. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 11(6), pp.525–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-010-0261-9.

Cordenier, A. et al., 2013. Headache associated with cough: a review. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 14(1), p.42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-42.

Cricoid Cartilage

Hoeve HJ. 1997, Malformation and Stenosis of the Cricoid Cartilage in Association With Larsen's Syndrome With Larsen's Syndrome. Laryngoscope 107(6) pp. 792 to 794. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199706000-00013

Kunachak, S., 1995. Anterior cervical pain syndromes: hyoid, thyroid and cricoid cartilage syndromes and their treatment with triamcinolone acetonide. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 109(01). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100129214.

CRPS

Edinger, L., Schwartzman, R.J., Ahmad, A., Erwin, K. and Alexander, G.M., 2012. Objective sensory evaluation of the spread of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain physician, 16(6), pp.581-591. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284843

Maleki, J. et al., 2000. Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Pain, 88(3), pp.259–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00332-8.

Schwartzman, R.J., Erwin, K.L. & Alexander, G.M., 2009. The Natural History of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 25(4), pp.273–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0b013e31818ecea5.

Cystitis

Abrahamian, F.M., Moran, G.J. & Talan, D.A., 2008. Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 22(1), pp.73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2007.10.002.

Little, P. et al., 2010. Presentation, pattern, and natural course of severe symptoms, and role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among patients presenting with suspected uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care: observational study. BMJ, 340(feb05 1), pp.b5633–b5633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5633.

Mehnert-Kay, S.A., 2005. Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Am Fam Physician, 72(3), pp.451-6. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0801/p451.html

Molander, U. et al., 2000. A longitudinal cohort study of elderly women with urinary tract infections. Maturitas, 34(2), pp.127–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(99)00102-4.

Diabetic Neuropathy

Albers, J.W. & Pop-Busui, R., 2014. Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Emerging Treatments, and Subtypes. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 14(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-014-0473-5.

Anon, 2014. Painful diabetic neuropathy. BMJ, 348(may20 12), pp.g3440–g3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3440.

Coppini, D.V., 2016. Enigma of painful diabetic neuropathy: can we use the basic science, research outcomes and real-world data to help improve patient care and outcomes? Diabetic Medicine, 33(11), pp.1477–1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dme.13089.

Tesfaye, S. et al., 2016. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy may not be as its name suggests. PAIN, 157, pp.S72–S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000465.

Tesfaye, S., 2016. PL37: a new hope in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy? Pain Management, 6(2), pp.129–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.15.68.

Tran, C. et al., 2015. Acute painful diabetic neuropathy: an uncommon, remittent type of acute distal small fibre neuropathy. Swiss Medical Weekly. http://dx.doi.org/10.4414/smw.2015.14131.

Won, J.C. & Park, T.S., 2016. Recent Advances in Diagnostic Strategies for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 31(2), p.230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.230.

Zhang, Y.P. et al., 2016. Acute Hypoglycemia Induces Painful Neuropathy and the Treatment of Coenzyme Q10. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016, pp.1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4593052.

Diabetic Thoracic Polyradiculopathy

Brewer, R., 2003. Diabetic thoracic radiculopathy: an unusual cause of post-thoracotomy pain. Pain, 103(1), pp.221–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00446-3.

Longstreth, G.F., 2005. Diabetic thoracic polyradiculopathy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 19(2), pp.275–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2004.09.003.

Massie, R. et al., 2012. Diabetic cervical radiculoplexus neuropathy: a distinct syndrome expanding the spectrum of diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies. Brain, 135(10), pp.3074–3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws244.

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)

Kuperus, J.S. et al., 2016. Histological characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.23267.

Mazières, B. 2013. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier-Rotes-Querol disease): What's new? Joint Bone Spine 80.5: 466-470.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.02.011. Epub 2013 Apr 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23566663

Weiss, B.G. et al., 2015. Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Conjunction with Clinical Variables to Whole Body MRI and Clinical Variables in Ankylosing Spondylitis. The Journal of Rheumatology, 43(2), pp.335–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150162.

Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC)

Bannister, K. et al., 2015. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and nerve injury. PAIN, 156(9), pp.1803–1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000240.

Chebbi, R. et al., 2014. The nucleus raphe magnus OFF-cells are involved in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. Experimental Neurology, 256, pp.39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.03.006.

Dogrul, A., Ossipov, M.H. & Porreca, F., 2009. Differential mediation of descending pain facilitation and inhibition by spinal 5HT-3 and 5HT-7 receptors. Brain Research, 1280, pp.52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.001.

Honigman, L. et al., 2016. Nonpainful wide-area compression inhibits experimental pain. PAIN, 157(9), pp.2000–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000604.

Le Bars, D. et al., 1991. Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC) in animals and in man. Acupuncture in Medicine, 9(2), pp.47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.9.2.47.

Meléndez-Gallardo, J. & Eblen-Zajjur, A., 2016. Noxious mechanical heterotopic stimulation induces inhibition of the spinal dorsal horn neuronal network: analysis of spinal somatosensory-evoked potentials. Neurological Sciences, 37(9), pp.1491–1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2613-y.

Torta, D.M. et al., 2015. The effect of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation on -, C- and Aβ-fibre brain responses in humans M. Barrot, ed. European Journal of Neuroscience, 42(9), pp.2707–2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13071.

2,4 - Dinitrophenol

Grundlingh, J. et al., 2011. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): A Weight Loss Agent with Significant Acute Toxicity and Risk of Death. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 7(3), pp.205–212. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0162-6.
Suozzi, JC. et al., 2005. DNP 2,4 – Dinitrophenol: a deadly way to lose weight JEMS, 30 (1), pp. 82-89.Available on Pub Med: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662347

Discitis

Brinjikji, W., Everist, B.M., Wald, J.T., Lane, J.I. and Morris, J.M., 2015. Association between imaging findings and microbiological findings for image-guided biopsies for spine infections. Journal of neurosurgical sciences. Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences, 2016 Sep 9 [Epub ahead of print]. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/26354188

Cottle, L. & Riordan, T., 2008. Infectious spondylodiscitis. Journal of Infection, 56(6), pp.401–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2008.02.005.

Hooten, W.M. et al., 2006. Discitis after Lumbar Epidural Corticosteroid Injection: A Case Report and Analysis of the Case Report Literature. Pain Medicine, 7(1), pp.46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00088.x.

Radcliff, K.E. et al., 2016. Distinguishing Pseudomeningocele, Epidural Hematoma, and Postoperative Infection on Postoperative MRI. Clinical Spine Surgery, 29(9), pp.E471–E474. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0b013e31828f9203.

Disulfiram Neuropathy

Filosto, M. et al., 2008. Disulfiram neuropathy: Two cases of distal axonopathy. Clinical Toxicology, 46(4), pp.314–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650701636390.

Tran, A.T., Rison, R.A. & Beydoun, S.R., 2016. Disulfiram neuropathy: two case reports. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-0865-z.

Vujisic, S. et al., 2012. Disulfiram-induced polyneurophaty. Military Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal of Serbia, 69(5), pp.453–475. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1205453v.

Diverticulitis

Fernández, L.A., González, V.M., Martínez, S.N., Tamayo, R.M. and Albarracín, M.B.A., 2016. Acute abdomen from duodenal diverticulitis. A case report. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva, 108(10), p.661. http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/diges/v108n10/imagenes5.pdf

Feuerstein, J.D. & Falchuk, K.R., 2016. Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(8), pp.1094–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.012.

Scaioli, E. et al., 2015. Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies for Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 61(3), pp.673–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3925-0.

Dorsal Horn Circuitry

Baron, R., Binder, A. & Wasner, G., 2010. Neuropathic pain: diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology, 9(8), pp.807–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70143-5.

Benarroch, E.E., 2016. Dorsal horn circuitry. Neurology, 86(11), pp.1060–1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002478.

Braz, J.M. et al., 2005. Parallel “Pain” Pathways Arise from Subpopulations of Primary Afferent Nociceptor. Neuron, 47(6), pp.787–793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.08.015.

Duan, B. et al., 2014. Identification of Spinal Circuits Transmitting and Gating Mechanical Pain. Cell, 159(6), pp.1417–1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.003.

Foster, E. et al., 2015. Targeted Ablation, Silencing, and Activation Establish Glycinergic Dorsal Horn Neurons as Key Components of a Spinal Gate for Pain and Itch. Neuron, 85(6), pp.1289–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.028.

Kim, Y.H. et al., 2012. TRPV1 in GABAergic Interneurons Mediates Neuropathic Mechanical Allodynia and Disinhibition of the Nociceptive Circuitry in the Spinal Cord. Neuron, 74(4), pp.640–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.039.

Knowlton, W.M. et al., 2013. A Sensory-Labeled Line for Cold: TRPM8-Expressing Sensory Neurons Define the Cellular Basis for Cold, Cold Pain, and Cooling-Mediated Analgesia. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(7), pp.2837–2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1943-12.2013.

Luo, C., Kuner, T. & Kuner, R., 2014. Synaptic plasticity in pathological pain. Trends in Neurosciences, 37(6), pp.343–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.04.002.

Mendell, L.M., 2014. Constructing and deconstructing the gate theory of pain. Pain, 155(2), pp.210–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.010.

Polgár, E. et al., 2013. A Quantitative Study of Inhibitory Interneurons in Laminae I-III of the Mouse Spinal Dorsal Horn S. D. Ginsberg, ed. PLoS ONE, 8(10), p.e78309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078309.

Prescott, S.A. & Ratté, S., 2012. Pain processing by spinal microcircuits: afferent combinatorics. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 22(4), pp.631–639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.02.010.

Todd, A.J., 2010. Neuronal circuitry for pain processing in the dorsal horn. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(12), pp.823–836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2947.

Von Hehn, C.A., Baron, R. & Woolf, C.J., 2012. Deconstructing the Neuropathic Pain Phenotype to Reveal Neural Mechanisms. Neuron, 73(4), pp.638–652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.008.

Wang, X. et al., 2013. Excitatory Superficial Dorsal Horn Interneurons Are Functionally Heterogeneous and Required for the Full Behavioral Expression of Pain and Itch. Neuron, 78(2), pp.312–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.001.

Zeilhofer, H.U., Wildner, H. & Yevenes, G.E., 2012. Fast Synaptic Inhibition in Spinal Sensory Processing and Pain Control. Physiological Reviews, 92(1), pp.193–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00043.2010.

Zhang, J. et al., 2013. The modality-specific contribution of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors is manifest at the level of dorsal horn nociresponsive neurons. The Journal of Physiology, 591(4), pp.1097–1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.242115.

Dry Eye Syndrome

Kovács, I. et al., 2016. Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease. PAIN, 157(2), pp.399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000455.

Matossian, C. & Micucci, J., 2016. Characterization of the serological biomarkers associated with Sj&ouml;gren&rsquo;s syndrome in patients with recalcitrant dry eye disease. Clinical Ophthalmology, Volume 10, pp.1329–1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/opth.s106973.

Dysmenorrhea

Coco AS. Primary dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Aug;60(2):489-96. Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10465224

De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Bernasconi S, Bianchin L, Bona G, Bozzola M, Buzi F, De Sanctis C, Tonini G, Rigon F, Perissinotto E. Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Recent Knowledge. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2015 Dec;13(2):512-20. Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26841639

Dun, W. et al., 2016. Abnormal white matter integrity during pain-free periovulation is associated with pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea. Brain Imaging and Behavior. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9582-x.

Jones, A.V. et al., 2016. Genome-wide association analysis of pain severity in dysmenorrhea identifies association at chromosome 1p13.2, near the nerve growth factor locus. PAIN, 157(11), pp.2571–2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000678.

Dyspareunia

Boardman, L.A. & Stockdale, C.K., 2009. Sexual Pain. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52(4), pp.682–690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0b013e3181bf4a7e.

Graziottin, A., Gambini, D. & Bertolasi, L., 2015. Genital and sexual pain in women. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, pp.395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00023-7.

Melles, R.J. et al., 2016. Attentional Bias for Pain and Sex, and Automatic Appraisals of Sexual Penetration: Differential Patterns in Dyspareunia vs Vaginismus? The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(8), pp.1255–1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.008.

Monforte M, Mimoun S, Droupy S. [Sexual pain disorders in females and males]. Prog Urol. 2013 Jul;23(9):761-70. Review. French. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23830271

Eagle Syndrome

Ho S. Styloid/C1 transverse process juxtaposition as a cause of Eagle's syndrome. Head & Neck volume 37 issue 11 on pages E153 to E156 .Available at https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.24024.

Kent DT et al., Conventional and 3-Dimensional Computerized Tomography in Eagle's Syndrome, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Asymptomatic Controls. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Jul;153(1):41-7. Available at http://10.1177/0194599815583047.

Mayrink, G. et al., 2011. Cervicofacial pain associated with Eagle’s syndrome misdiagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 16(2), pp.207–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10006-011-0276-7.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Farquhar, C.M., 2005. Ectopic pregnancy. The Lancet, 366(9485), pp.583–591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67103-6.

Saito, M. et al., 1975. Site of Ovulation and Ectopic Pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 54(3), pp.227–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016347509157766.

Stein, J.C. et al., 2010. Emergency Physician Ultrasonography for Evaluating Patients at Risk for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 56(6), pp.674–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.563.

Ehlers-Danlos

Bovet, C., Carlson, M. & Taylor, M., 2016. Quality of life, unmet needs, and iatrogenic injuries in rehabilitation of patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type/Joint Hypermobility Syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 170(8), pp.2044–2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.37774.

Cazzato, D. et al., 2016. Small fiber neuropathy is a common feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Neurology, 87(2), pp.155–159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002847.

Grahame, R., 2016. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. South African Medical Journal, 106(6), p.45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i6.10991.

Endometriosis

Arafat, S. et al., 2016. Rare manifestation of endometriosis causing complete recto-sigmoid obstruction: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 26, pp.30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.07.004.

Fan, W. et al., 2016. The cytochrome P4501A1 gene polymorphisms and endometriosis: a meta-analysis. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 33(10), pp.1373–1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0783-4.

Miller, E.J. & Fraser, I.S., 2015. The importance of pelvic nerve fibers in endometriosis. Women’s Health, 11(5), pp.611–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/whe.15.47.

Morotti, M. et al., 2014. Peripheral changes in endometriosis-associated pain. Human Reproduction Update, 20(5), pp.717–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu021.

Yosef, A. et al., 2016. Multifactorial contributors to the severity of chronic pelvic pain in women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 215(6), pp.760.e1–760.e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.023.

Ethambutol

Cinici, E., 2016. Gene expression and histopathological evaluation of thiamine pyrophosphate on optic neuropathy induced with ethambutol in rats. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2016.10.04.
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Osaguona, V.B. et al., 2014. Optic Chiasm Involvement on MRI With Ethambutol-Induced Bitemporal Hemianopia. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, 34(2), pp.155–158. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wno.0000000000000095. 
Song, W. & Si, S., 2017. The rare ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Medicine, 96(2), p.e5889. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000005889.

Ethylene Oxide

Patch, P.C. & Hartlage, L.C., 2001. Neurological and Emotional Sequelae of Exposure to Ethylene Oxide. International Journal of Neuroscience, 106(1-2), pp.101–107. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207450109149741.
Matsuoka, M. et al., 1990. Inhibition of creatine kinase activity by ethylene oxide. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47(1), pp.44–47. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.47.1.44.
Zampollo, A., Zacchetti, O. & Pisati, G., 1984. On ethylene oxide neurotoxicity: Report of two cases of peripheral neuropathy. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 5(1), pp.59–62. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02043971.

Epidural Abscess

Al-Hourani, K., Al-Aref, R. & Mesfin, A., 2015. Upper Cervical Epidural Abscess in Clinical Practice: Diagnosis and Management. Global Spine Journal, 06(04), pp.383–393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1565260.

Darouiche, R.O., 2006. Spinal Epidural Abscess. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(19), pp.2012–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra055111.

Grewal, S., 2006. Epidural abscesses. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 96(3), pp.292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael006.

Reihsaus, E., Waldbaur, H. & Seeling, W., 2000. Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurgical Review, 23(4), pp.175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00011954.

Sendi, P., Bregenzer, T. & Zimmerli, W., 2007. Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice. QJM, 101(1), pp.1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm100.

Shweikeh, F. et al., 2014. An institutional series and contemporary review of bacterial spinal epidural abscess: current status and future directions. Neurosurgical Focus, 37(2), p.E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.6.focus14146.

Suppiah, S. et al., 2016. How Best to Manage the Spinal Epidural Abscess? A Current Systematic Review. World Neurosurgery, 93, pp.20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.074.

Epothilone

Argyriou, A.A. et al., 2011. Epothilone-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review of Current Knowledge. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 42(6), pp.931–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.02.022.

Zhang, H. et al., 2014. Multiple Effects of a Novel Epothilone Analog on Cellular Processes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by Rac1 GTPase in the Human Breast Cancer Cells. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 18(2), p.109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.109.

Etoposide

Bruserud, Ø. et al., 2012. High-dose etoposide in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 70(6), pp.765–782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-012-1990-z.

Imrie, K.R., Couture, F., Turner, C.C., Sutcliffe, S.B. and Keating, A., 1994. Peripheral neuropathy following high-dose etoposide and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation, 13(1), pp.77-79. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8019457.

Fabry’s Disease

Bersano, A. et al., 2012. Neurological features of Fabry disease: clinical, pathophysiological aspects and therapy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 126(2), pp.77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01661.x.

Burlina, A.P. et al., 2011. Early diagnosis of peripheral nervous system involvement in Fabry disease and treatment of neuropathic pain: the report of an expert panel. BMC Neurology, 11(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-61.

Mehta, A. et al., 2004. Fabry disease defined: baseline clinical manifestations of 366 patients in the Fabry Outcome Survey. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34(3), pp.236–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01309.x.

Ranieri, M. et al., 2016. Fabry Disease: Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neurological Features. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 18(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-016-0414-5.

Schäfer, E. et al., 2005. Thirty-four novel mutations of the GLA gene in 121 patients with Fabry disease. Human Mutation, 25(4), pp.412–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.9327.

Schiffmann, R. et al., 2003. Enzyme replacement therapy improves peripheral nerve and sweat function in Fabry disease. Muscle & Nerve, 28(6), pp.703–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.10497.

Wani, M. et al., 2016. Fabry's disease: Case series and review of literature. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 6(3), pp193-197. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.183935

Wozniak, M.A. et al., 2009. Frequency of Unrecognized Fabry Disease Among Young European-American and African-American Men With First Ischemic Stroke. Stroke, 41(1), pp.78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.558320.

Facet Syndrome

McCormick, Z.L. et al., 2015. Long-Term Function, Pain and Medication Use Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation for Lumbar Facet Syndrome. International journal of anesthetics and anesthesiology, 2(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440581/

Oh, J. et al., 2016. Facetoplasty Using Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for Facet Joint Hypertrophy. Pain Physician, 19(4), pp.E649–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27228518

Pacetti, M., Fiaschi, P. & Gennaro, S., 2016. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of dorsal ramus branches as a treatment of “lumbar facet syndrome” - How I do it. Acta Neurochirurgica, 158(5), pp.995–998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-2759-7.

Familial Episode Pain Syndrome

Boukalova, S., Touska, F., Marsakova, L., Hynkova, A., Sura, L., Chvojka, S., Dittert, I. and Vlachova, V., 2014. Gain-of-function mutations in the transient receptor potential channels TRPV1 and TRPA1: how painful?. Physiol Res. 2014;63 Suppl 1:S205-13. Erratum in 2014;63(5), pp667. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564660

Bouklova S1, Touska F, Marsakova L, Hynkova A, Sura L, Chvojka S, Dittert I, Vlachova V. 2014. Ava Gain-of-function mutations in the transient receptor potential channels TRPV1 and TRPA1: how painful?, Physiol Res., 63(5):667. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564660

Okuda, H. et al., 2016. Infantile Pain Episodes Associated with Novel Nav1.9 Mutations in Familial Episodic Pain Syndrome in Japanese Families L. S. Premkumar, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(5), p.e0154827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154827.

Zhang, X.Y. et al., 2013. Gain-of-Function Mutations in SCN11A Cause Familial Episodic Pain. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 93(5), pp.957–966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.016.

Zíma, V. et al., 2015. Structural modeling and patch-clamp analysis of pain-related mutation TRPA1-N855S reveal inter-subunit salt bridges stabilizing the channel open state. Neuropharmacology, 93, pp.294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.018.

Femoral Nerve

Moore, A.E. & Stringer, M.D., 2011. Iatrogenic femoral nerve injury: a systematic review. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 33(8), pp.649–658. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0791-0.

Fox AJ1, Bedi A, Wanivenhaus F, Sculco TP, Fox JS, 2012. Femoral neuropathy following total hip arthroplasty: review and management guidelines. Acta Orthop Belg.,78(2), pp. 145-51. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696981

Kalita, J. et al., 2016. Sports induced femoral neuropathy: Review of literature. Neurology India, 64(6), p.1303. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.193823.

Abel, N.A. et al., 2017. Femoral nerve and lumbar plexus injury after minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: electrodiagnostic prognostic indicators and a roadmap to recovery. Neurosurgical Review. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10143-017-0863-7.

Fibromyalgia

Caro, X.J. & Winter, E.F., 2014. Evidence of Abnormal Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density in Fibromyalgia: Clinical and Immunologic Implications. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 66(7), pp.1945–1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38662.

Caro, X.J. & Winter, E.F., 2014. Evidence of Abnormal Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density in Fibromyalgia: Clinical and Immunologic Implications. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 66(7), pp.1945–1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38662.

Caro, X.J. & Winter, E.F., 2015. The Role and Importance of Small Fiber Neuropathy in Fibromyalgia Pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 19(12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-015-0527-7.

Fomberstein, K., Qadri, S. & Ramani, R., 2013. Functional MRI and pain. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 26(5), pp.588–593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aco.0000433060.59939.fe.

Ichesco, E. et al., 2014. Altered Resting State Connectivity of the Insular Cortex in Individuals With Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain, 15(8), pp.815–826.e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.04.007.

Momi, S.K. et al., 2015. Neuropathic pain as part of chronic widespread pain. PAIN, 156(10), pp.2100–2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000277.

Gallbladder

Behar, J. et al., 2006. Functional Gallbladder and Sphincter of Oddi Disorders. Gastroenterology, 130(5), pp.1498–1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.063.

Dauer, M. & Lammert, F., 2009. Mandatory and optional function tests for biliary disorders. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 23(3), pp.441–451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.04.001.

Halldestam, I., Kullman, E. & Borch, K., 2009. Incidence of and potential risk factors for gallstone disease in a general population sample. British Journal of Surgery, 96(11), pp.1315–1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6687.

Williams, T.P. et al., 2015. Hospital readmission after emergency room visit for cholelithiasis. Journal of Surgical Research, 197(2), pp.318–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.032.

General Neuropathic Pain

Denk, F., McMahon, S.B. & Tracey, I., 2014. Pain vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective. Nature Neuroscience, 17(2), pp.192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3628.

Flores-Méndez, M., Mendez-Flores, O.G. & Ortega, A., 2016. Glia plasma membrane transporters: Key players in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Neurochemistry International, 98, pp.46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.004.

Gracely, R.H., Lynch, S.A. & Bennett, G.J., 1992. Painful neuropathy: altered central processing maintained dynamically by peripheral input. Pain, 51(2), pp.175–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90259-e.

Kahle, K.T. et al., 2014. Therapeutic Restoration of Spinal Inhibition via Druggable Enhancement of Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter KCC2–Mediated Chloride Extrusion in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. JAMA Neurol, 71(5), p.640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.21.

Latremoliere, A. & Woolf, C.J., 2009. Central Sensitization: A Generator of Pain Hypersensitivity by Central Neural Plasticity. The Journal of Pain, 10(9), pp.895–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012.

Li, L. et al., 2016. Chloride Homeostasis Critically Regulates Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activity in Neuropathic Pain. Cell Reports, 15(7), pp.1376–1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.039.

Luo, X. et al., 2016. Crosstalk between astrocytic CXCL12 and microglial CXCR4 contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Molecular Pain, 12(0). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744806916636385.

Maier, C. et al., 2010. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): Somatosensory abnormalities in 1236 patients with different neuropathic pain syndromes. Pain, 150(3), pp.439–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.05.002.

Martínez-Lozada, Z. & Ortega, A., 2015. Glutamatergic Transmission: A Matter of Three. Neural Plasticity, 2015, pp.1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/787396.

Prescott, S.A., Ma, Q. & De Koninck, Y., 2014. Normal and abnormal coding of somatosensory stimuli causing pain. Nature Neuroscience, 17(2), pp.183–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3629.

Ringkamp, M., Raja, S.N., Campbell, J.N. and Meyer, R.A., 2013. Peripheral mechanisms of cutaneous nociception. Wall and Melzack’s textbook of pain. Elsevier Saunders, pp.1-30. https://www.elsevier.com/books/wall-and-melzacks-textbook-of-pain/mcmahon/978-0-7020-4059-7#

Sandkuhler, J., 2009. Models and Mechanisms of Hyperalgesia and Allodynia. Physiological Reviews, 89(2), pp.707–758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00025.2008.

Woolf, C.J. & Mannion, R.J., 1999. Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management. The Lancet, 353(9168), pp.1959–1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01307-0.

Woolf, C.J., 2011. Central sensitization: Implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain, 152(Supplement), pp.S2–S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030.

Yarnitsky, D., 2010. Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): its relevance for acute and chronic pain states. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 23(5), pp.611–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aco.0b013e32833c348b.

Genetic Influences on Pain

Zubieta, J.-K., 2003. COMT val158met Genotype Affects micro-Opioid Neurotransmitter Responses to a Pain Stressor. Science, 299(5610), pp.1240–1243. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1078546.

Diatchenko, L., 2004. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Human Molecular Genetics, 14(1), pp.135–143. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi013.

Fillingim, R.B. et al., 2005. The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with pressure pain sensitivity in humans. The Journal of Pain, 6(3), pp.159–167. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.11.008.

Belfer, I. et al., 2013. Pain modality- and sex-specific effects of COMT genetic functional variants. Pain, 154(8), pp.1368–1376. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.028.

Bjorland, S. et al., 2017. Genetic predictors of recovery in low back and lumbar radicular pain. PAIN, p.1. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000934.

Parisien, M. et al., 2017. Effect of Human Genetic Variability on Gene Expression in Dorsal Root Ganglia and Association with Pain Phenotypes. Cell Reports, 19(9), pp.1940–1952. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.018.

De Gregori, M. et al., 2016. Human Genetic Variability Contributes to Postoperative Morphine Consumption. The Journal of Pain, 17(5), pp.628–636. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.003.

Nielsen, L.M. et al., 2017. Genetic Influences of OPRM1, OPRD1 and COMT on Morphine Analgesia in a Multi-Modal, Multi-Tissue Human Experimental Pain Model. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 121(1), pp.6–12. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12757.

Giant Cell Arteritis

Caselli, R.J. et al., 1988. Peripheral neuropathic syndromes in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Neurology, 38(5), pp.685–685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.5.685.

Golbus, J. and McCune, W.J., 1987. Giant cell arteritis and peripheral neuropathy: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature. The Journal of rheumatology, 14(1), pp.129-134. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3033236

Lensen, K.D.F., Voskuyl, A.E., Comans, E.F.I., van der Laken, C.J. and Smulders, Y.M., 2016. Extracranial giant cell arteritis: A narrative review. Light blue sclerae and normal bones: what is your diagnosis?, p.182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27323671

Nesher, G., 2014. The diagnosis and classification of giant cell arteritis. Journal of Autoimmunity, 48-49, pp.73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.017.

Ness, T. et al., 2013 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., 110(21), pp.376-386. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679627/

Ninan, J., Lester, S. & Hill, C., 2016. Giant cell arteritis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 30(1), pp.169–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2016.05.001.

Tan, B.L. et al., 2016. Diagnosing an atypical site of giant cell arteritis with magnetic resonance angiography: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-0971-y.

Yates, M. et al., 2016. The prevalence of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a UK primary care population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1127-3.

Glia and Pain

Batti, L. et al., 2016. TMEM16F Regulates Spinal Microglial Function in Neuropathic Pain States. Cell Reports, 15(12), pp.2608–2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.039.

Beggs, S. & Salter, M.W., 2013. The known knowns of microglia–neuronal signalling in neuropathic pain. Neuroscience Letters, 557, pp.37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.037.

Berta, T. et al., 2016. Microglial Signaling in Chronic Pain with a Special Focus on Caspase 6, p38 MAP Kinase, and Sex Dependence. Journal of Dental Research, 95(10), pp.1124–1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653604.

Jin, X. et al., 2014. P2X4 receptor in the dorsal horn partially contributes to brain-derived neurotrophic factor oversecretion and toll-like receptor-4 receptor activation associated with bone cancer pain. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 92(12), pp.1690–1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23443.

Matsumura, Y. et al., 2016. A novel P2X4 receptor-selective antagonist produces anti-allodynic effect in a mouse model of herpetic pain. Scientific Reports, 6, p.32461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32461.

Ohara, P.T. et al., 2009. Gliopathic Pain: When Satellite Glial Cells Go Bad. The Neuroscientist, 15(5), pp.450–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858409336094.

Shaqura, M. et al., 2016. Membrane-bound glucocorticoid receptors on distinct nociceptive neurons as potential targets for pain control through rapid non-genomic effects. Neuropharmacology, 111, pp.1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.019.

Suter, M.R., 2016. Microglial role in the development of chronic pain. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 29(5), pp.584–589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000373.

Taylor, A.M.W. et al., 2016. Topography of microglial activation in sensory- and affect-related brain regions in chronic pain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23883.

Tsuda, M. & Inoue, K., 2016. Neuron–microglia interaction by purinergic signaling in neuropathic pain following neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology, 104, pp.76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.042.

Tsuda, M., 2016. P2 receptors, microglial cytokines and chemokines, and neuropathic pain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23816.

Wen Y-R et al. Role of microglia in neuropathic pain. J Formosa Med Assoc 2014 110(8), pp.487-494. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169792/

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

Gaul, C. et al., 2011. Diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical findings and 3-D visualization of neurovascular compression in 19 consecutive patients. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 12(5), pp.527–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-011-0349-x.

Liesegang, T., 2008. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Natural History, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, and Morbidity. Ophthalmology, 115(2), pp.S3–S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.10.009.

Marin, M. et al., 2016. Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Among Adults. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 3(3), p.ofw119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw119.

Petersen, K.L. et al., 2010. Natural history of cutaneous innervation following herpes zoster. Pain, 150(1), pp.75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.002.

Schmader, K., 2016. Herpes Zoster. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 32(3), pp.539–553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2016.02.011.

Singh, P., Trikha, A. & Kaur, M., 2013. An uncommonly common: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 16(1), p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.107662.

Zhang, Y, Yu, B. et al, 2016. Microstructural Abnormalities in Gray Matter of Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Study. Pain physician, 19, pp.E601-E611. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/522b/a07e4629cf5878a64bba6cfd6d81bd16b79e.pdf

Gonyalgia

Massey, E.W. et al., 1981. Letters to the Editor. Muscle & Nerve, 4(1), pp.80–84. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.880040115.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Asakura, K. and Muto, T., 2013. [Neurological involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis]. Brain and nerve= Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 65(11), pp.1311-1317. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200609.

Kubaisi, B., 2016. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s disease): An updated review of ocular disease manifestations. Intractable & Rare Disease Research, 5(2), pp 61-69. https://doi.org/10.5582/irdr.2016.01014

Greater Auricular Nerve

Correia-Sá, I.B. et al., 2016. Eleven Years of Parotid Gland Surgery in a Plastic and Reconstructive Department. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 27(1), pp.e26–e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000002299.

Lefkowitz, T. et al., 2012. Anatomical Landmarks to Avoid Injury to the Great Auricular Nerve During Rhytidectomy. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 33(1), pp.19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090820x12469625.

Greater Occipital Nerve

Ashkenazi, A. & Levin, M., 2007. Greater occipital nerve block for migraine and other headaches: Is it useful? Current Pain and Headache Reports, 11(3), pp.231–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-007-0195-3.

Cuadrado, M.L. et al., 2016. Short-term effects of greater occipital nerve blocks in chronic migraine: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cephalalgia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416655159.

Janis, J.E., 2011. Reply: The Anatomy of the Greater Occipital Nerve: Part II. Compression Point Topography. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 128(1), pp.322–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e318218fd86.

Shimizu, S., 2014. Scalp neuralgia and headache elicited by cranial superficial anatomical causes: supraorbital neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, and post-craniotomy headache. Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 54(5), pp.387–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.387.

HaNDL

Babi, M.-A. et al., 2016. Syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis presenting as acute neurological emergencies. Cephalalgia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416642733.

Filina, T., Feja, K.N. & Tolan, R.W., 2013. An Adolescent With Pseudomigraine, Transient Headache, Neurological Deficits, and Lymphocytic Pleocytosis (HaNDL Syndrome): Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clinical Pediatrics, 52(6), pp.496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922813483358.

Rivero-Sanz, E., Pias-Peleteiro, L. & Gonzalez-Alvarez, V., 2016. HaNDL syndrome in a 14-year-old girl. BMJ Case Reports, p.bcr2015213018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-213018.

Stelten, B.M. et al., 2015. Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL): A case report with serial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.. Is there an association with human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7) infection? Cephalalgia, 36(13), pp.1296–1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415618616.

Tada, Y. et al., 2005. A Patient of Migraine-like Headache with Amnesia, Pleocytosis and Transient Hypoperfusion of Cerebral Blood Flow. Internal Medicine, 44(7), pp.743–746. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.44.743.

HCN Channels

Acosta, C. et al., 2012. HCN1 and HCN2 in Rat DRG Neurons: Levels in Nociceptors and Non-Nociceptors, NT3-Dependence and Influence of CFA-Induced Skin Inflammation on HCN2 and NT3 Expression Z. Zhang, ed. PLoS ONE, 7(12), p.e50442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050442.

Benarroch, E.E., 2013. HCN channels: Function and clinical implications. Neurology, 80(3), pp.304–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827dec42.

Emery, E.C. et al., 2011. HCN2 Ion Channels Play a Central Role in Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. Science, 333(6048), pp.1462–1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1206243.

Wan, Y., 2008. Involvement of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels in dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic pain. Sheng li xue bao:[Acta physiologica Sinica], 60(5), p.579. PMID: 18958363 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958363

Weng, X. et al., 2012. Chronic inflammatory pain is associated with increased excitability and hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) in C- but not -nociceptors. Pain, 153(4), pp.900–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.019.

Headache: Cervicogenic

Antonaci, F. & Sjaastad, O., 2010. Cervicogenic Headache: A Real Headache. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 11(2), pp.149–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-010-0164-9.

Becker, W.J., 2010. Cervicogenic Headache: Evidence That the Neck is a Pain Generator. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 50(4), pp.699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01648.x.

Fredriksen, T.A., Antonaci, F. & Sjaastad, O., 2015. Cervicogenic headache: too important to be left un-diagnosed. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 16(1), p.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-16-6.

Park, S.W. et al., 2011. The Effect of Radiofrequency Neurotomy of Lower Cervical Medial Branches on Cervicogenic Headache. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 50(6), p.507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2011.50.6.507.

Sjaastad, O., 2008. Cervicogenic headache: comparison with migraine without aura; Vågå study. Cephalalgia, 28(s1), pp.18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01610.x.

Watson, D.H. & Drummond, P.D., 2016. The Role of the Trigemino Cervical Complex in Chronic Whiplash Associated Headache: A Cross Sectional Study. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 56(6), pp.961–975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12805.

Headache: Cluster

Costa, A. et al., 2015. The Neuropharmacology of Cluster Headache and other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias. Current Neuropharmacology, 13(3), pp.304–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x13666150309233556.

Curto, M. et al., 2016. Altered serum levels of kynurenine metabolites in patients affected by cluster headache. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0620-2.

Lainez, M.J. & Marti, A.S., 2016. Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation in cluster headache and other types of headache. Cephalalgia, 36(12), pp.1149–1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416644968.

Leone, M. & Proietti Cecchini, A., 2016. Advances in the understanding of cluster headache. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, pp.1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2016.1216796.

Manzoni, G.C. et al., 2016. Age of onset of episodic and chronic cluster headache – a review of a large case series from a single headache centre. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0626-9.

Headache: Hypnic

Holle, D. & Obermann, M., 2012. Hypnic headache and caffeine. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(9), pp.1125–1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.100.

Lisotto, C. et al., 2010. Focus on therapy of hypnic headache. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 11(4), pp.349–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-010-0227-y.

Singh, N.N. & Sahota, P., 2013. Sleep-Related Headache and its Management. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 15(6), pp.704–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-013-0258-1.

Headache: Linear

Casas-Limón, J. et al., 2016. Pain Paroxysms With Coronal Radiation: Case Series and Proposal of a New Variant of Epicrania Fugax. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 56(6), pp.1040–1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12821.

Cuadrado, M.L., Guerrero, A.L. & Pareja, J.A., 2016. Epicrania Fugax. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 20(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-016-0557-9.

López-López, A. et al., 2016. Stress, Coping, and Personality in Patients with Epicrania Fugax, and Their Relation to the Clinical Characteristics of Pain. Pain Medicine, p.pnw130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnw130.

Lu, Y.-N. et al., 2016. Linear headache: clinical characteristics of eight new cases. SpringerPlus, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1991-1.

Pareja, J.A. & Bandrés, P., 2015. Linear interictal pain in Epicrania Fugax. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 16(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0507-7.

Wang, L. et al., 2016. A recurrent headache circumscribed in a coronal line-shaped area around the head: a coronal linear headache. SpringerPlus, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1786-4.

Headache: Tension

Andersen, S. et al., 2015. Pressure pain thresholds assessed over temporalis, masseter, and frontalis muscles in healthy individuals, patients with tension-type headache, and those with migraine—a systematic review. PAIN, 156(8), pp.1409–1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000219.

Ghadiri-Sani M, Silver N., 2016. Headache (chronic tension-type). Systematic review. BMJ Clinical Evidence, 1205 http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/systematic-review/1205/overview.html

Moraska, A.F. et al., 2015. Myofascial Trigger Point-focused Head and Neck Massage for Recurrent Tension-type Headache. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(2), pp.159–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000091.

Headache: Thunderclap

Devenney, E., Neale, H. & Forbes, R.B., 2014. A systematic review of causes of sudden and severe headache (Thunderclap Headache): should lists be evidence based? The Journal of Headache and Pain, 15(1), p.49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-15-49.

Mortimer, A.M. et al., 2013. Thunderclap headache: Diagnostic considerations and neuroimaging features. Clinical Radiology, 68(3), pp.e101–e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2012.08.032.

Headache: Trochlear

Smith, J.H., Garrity, J.A. & Boes, C.J., 2013. Clinical features and long-term prognosis of trochlear headaches. European Journal of Neurology, 21(4), pp.577–585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12312.

Hereditary and Idiopathic HNA

Bai, X. et al., 2013. Novel septin 9 repeat motifs altered in neuralgic amyotrophy bind and bundle microtubules. The Journal of Cell Biology, 203(6), pp.895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201308068.

Chance, P.F., 2006. Inherited Focal, Episodic Neuropathies: Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies and Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy. NeuroMolecular Medicine, 8(1-2), pp.159–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/nmm:8:1:159.

Fukushima, K. and Ikeda, S., 2014. [Neuralgic amyotrophy]. Brain and nerve= Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 66(12), pp.1421-1428. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25475029

Park, M.S., Kim, D.H. & Sung, D.H., 2014. Magnetic Resonance Neurographic Findings in Classic Idiopathic Neuralgic Amyotrophy in Subacute Stage: A Report of Four Cases. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 38(2), p.286. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2014.38.2.286.

Tjoumakaris, F.P. et al., 2012. Neuralgic Amyotrophy (Parsonage-Turner Syndrome). Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 20(7), pp.443–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-20-07-443.

Van Alfen, N., 2011. Clinical and pathophysiological concepts of neuralgic amyotrophy. Nature Reviews Neurology, 7(6), pp.315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.62.

Van Alfen, N., van Engelen, B.G. & Hughes, R.A., 2009. Treatment for idiopathic and hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (brachial neuritis) N. van Alfen, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006976.pub2.

Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy

Cortese, A. et al., 2016. Laryngeal and phrenic nerve involvement in a patient with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Neuromuscular Disorders, 26(7), pp.455–458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2016.05.007.

Park, D., Ryu, J.S. & Kim, K.-J., 2016. Compression of Root Level in a Patient with Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 95(9), pp.e140–e144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000000515.

Spagnoli, C. et al., 2016. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies in childhood: Case series and literature update. Neuromuscular Disorders, 26(6), p.394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2016.04.007.

Herpes Simplex Virus

Alstadhaug, Karl B., Hanne W. Kvarenes, Jan Prytz, and Christian Vedeler. “A Case of Relapsing–remitting Facial Palsy and Ipsilateral Brachial Plexopathy Caused by HSV-1.” Journal of Clinical Virology 78 (May 2016): 62–65. http://www.journalofclinicalvirology.com/article/S1386-6532(16)30031-2/abstract

Benjamin, Mina M., et al. "Herpes simplex virus meningitis complicated by ascending paralysis." Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 26.3 (2013): 265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684292/

Jaques, D.A. et al., 2016. Herpes simplex encephalitis as a complication of neurosurgical procedures: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Virology Journal, 13(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0540-4.

Piedade, D. & Azevedo-Pereira, J., 2016. The Role of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Herpesvirus Infection. Viruses, 8(6), p.156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8060156.

Sili, U., Kaya, A. & Mert, A., 2014. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome in 106 adult patients. Journal of Clinical Virology, 60(2), pp.112–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2014.03.010.

Steiner, I. & Benninger, F., 2013. Update on Herpes Virus Infections of the Nervous System. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 13(12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0414-8.

Steiner, I., 2013. Herpes virus infection of the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral Nerve Disorders, pp.543–558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00031-x.

Herpes Zoster / Varicella–Zoster Virus

Arvin, A., 2005. Aging, Immunity, and the Varicella–Zoster Virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(22), pp.2266–2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp058091.

Cukic, V., 2016. The Uncommon Localization of Herpes Zoster. Medical Archives, 70(1), p.72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2016.70.72-75.

Forbes, H.J. et al., 2016. Quantification of risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia in herpes zoster patients. Neurology, 87(1), pp.94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002808.

Gilden, D.H. et al., 2000. Neurologic Complications of the Reactivation of Varicella–Zoster Virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 342(9), pp.635–645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200003023420906.

Gilden, D. et al., 2010. Neurological Disease Produced by Varicella Zoster Virus Reactivation Without Rash. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol, pp.243–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2009_3.

Gnann, J.W., 2008. Vaccination to Prevent Herpes Zoster in Older Adults. The Journal of Pain, 9(1), pp.31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2007.10.007.

Gnann, Jr., J.W., 2002. VaricellaZoster Virus: Atypical Presentations and Unusual Complications. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 186(s1), pp.S91–S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342963.

Ibrahim, W. et al., 2015. Varicella Zoster Aseptic Meningitis: Report of an Atypical Case and Literature Review. American Journal of Case Reports, 16, pp.594–597. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.894045.

Keating, G.M., 2016. Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine (Zostavax®): A Review in the Prevention of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia. BioDrugs, 30(3), pp.243–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40259-016-0180-7.

Kennedy, P.G.E. et al., 2015. A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivation. Journal of General Virology, 96(7), pp.1581–1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000128.

Sampathkumar, P., Drage, L.A. & Martin, D.P., 2009. Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 84(3), pp.274–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/84.3.274.

Steiner, I., Kennedy, P.G. & Pachner, A.R., 2007. The neurotropic herpes viruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster. The Lancet Neurology, 6(11), pp.1015–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70267-3.

Teo, H.K., Chawla, M. & Kaushik, M., 2016. A Rare Complication of Herpes Zoster: Segmental Zoster Paresis. Case Reports in Medicine, 2016, pp.1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7827140.

Wollina, U. & Machetanz, J., 2016. Herpes zoster und postzosterische Neuralgie. Der Hautarzt, 67(8), pp.653–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-016-3834-y.

Hip Arthroplasty and Perioperative Nerve Injury

Chomiak, J. et al., 2015. Lesion of gluteal nerves and muscles in total hip arthroplasty through 3 surgical approaches. An electromyographically controlled study. Hip International, 25(2), pp.176–183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000199.

Jacob, A.K. et al., 2011. Perioperative Nerve Injury after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Anesthesiology, p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182326c20.

Wettstein, M., Garofalo, R. & Mouhsine, E. Musculoskelet Surg (2010) 94(2), pp.77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12306-010-0078-3.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Bhatia, N.S. & Chow, F.C., 2016. Neurologic Complications in Treated HIV-1 Infection. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 16(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-016-0666-1.

Cherry, C.L., Wadley, A.L. & Kamerman, P.R., 2016. Diagnosing and treating HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a global perspective. Pain Management, 6(2), pp.191–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.15.65.

Panos, G. et al., 2016. Differential diagnosis and treatment of acute cauda equina syndrome in the human immunodeficiency virus positive patient: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-0902-y.

Phillips, T.J.C. et al., 2010. Pharmacological Treatment of Painful HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials N. P. Pai, ed. PLoS ONE, 5(12), p.e14433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014433.

Hyoid Bone

Monceaux, G. et al., 1999. Osteoradionecrosis of the hyoid bone: A report of 3 cases. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 20(6), pp.400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(99)90081-9.

Robinson, P.J., Davis, J.P. & Fraser, J.G., 1994. The hyoid syndrome: a pain in the neck. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 108(10). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100128324.

Stern, N., Jackson-Menaldi, C. & Rubin, A.D., 2013. Hyoid Bone Syndrome: A Retrospective Review of 84 Patients Treated with Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 122(3), pp.159–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941312200303.

Zhang, I. et al., 2014. Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone: Case report and review of current management options P. Andersen, ed. Head & Neck, 36(7), pp.E65–E72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.23373.

Idiopathic Plexopathy

Bradley, W.G. et al., 1984. Painful lumbosacral plexopathy with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate: A treatable inflammatory syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 15(5), pp.457–464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410150510.

Delaney, H., Bencardino, J. & Rosenberg, Z.S., 2014. Magnetic Resonance Neurography of the Pelvis and Lumbosacral Plexus. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 24(1), pp.127–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2013.03.026.

Evans, B.A., Stevens, J.C. & Dyck, P.J., 1981. Lumbosacral plexus neuropathy. Neurology, 31(10), pp.1327–1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.31.10.1327.

Imam, Y., Deleu, D. & Salem, K., 2012. Idiopathic lumbosacral plexitis. Qatar Medical Journal, 2012(2), p.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2012.2.20.

Ifosfamide

Frisk, P. et al., 2001. Painful peripheral neuropathy after treatment with high-dose ifosfamide. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 37(4), pp.379–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpo.1210.

Sunela, K. and Bärlund, M., 2015. [Treatment and prevention of iphosphamide-induced encephalopathy]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 132(4), pp.314-317. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017785.

Turner, A.R., Duong, C.D. & Good, D.J., 2003. Methylene Blue for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Ifosfamide-induced Encephalopathy. Clinical Oncology, 15(7), pp.435–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0936-6555(03)00114-6.

Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal/Genitofemoral

Reinpold, W. et al., 2015. Retroperitoneal anatomy of the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: consequences for prevention and treatment of chronic inguinodynia. Hernia, 19(4), pp.539–548. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10029-015-1396-z.

Geh, N. et al., 2015. Retroperitoneal course of iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral nerves: A study to improve identification and excision during triple neurectomy. Clinical Anatomy, 28(7), pp.903–909. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22592.

Grunert, P. et al., 2017. Injury to the Lumbar Plexus and its Branches After Lateral Fusion Procedures: A Cadaver Study. World Neurosurgery, 105, pp.519–525. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.027.

Cesmebasi, A. et al., 2014. Genitofemoral neuralgia: A review. Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp.128–135. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22481.

Iliolymphogastric, Iliolingual and Genitofemoral Nerves

Cesmebasi, A. et al., 2014. Genitofemoral neuralgia: A review. Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp.128–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22481.

Hsu, W. et al., 2012. Preservation Versus Division of Ilioinguinal Nerve on Open Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. World Journal of Surgery, 36(10), pp.2311–2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1657-2.

Reinpold, W. et al., 2015. Retroperitoneal anatomy of the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: consequences for prevention and treatment of chronic inguinodynia. Hernia, 19(4), pp.539–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10029-015-1396-z.

Shin, J.H. & Howard, F.M., 2012. Abdominal Wall Nerve Injury During Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Outcomes. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 19(4), pp.448–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2012.03.009.

Inflammatory Nerve Root Disorder

Niino, M., Tsuji, S. & Tashiro, K., 1999. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy with Multiple Hypertrophic Nerves in Intracranial, and Intra- and Extra-Spinal Segments. Internal Medicine, 38(5), pp.445–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.38.445.

Norris, B., Gonzales, M. & Drummond, K.J., 2011. Solitary localised hypertrophic neuropathy of the cauda equina. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 18(5), pp.712–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.08.021.

Shah, J.R. & Lewis, R.A., 2003. Sarcoidosis of the cauda equina mimicking Guillain–Barré syndrome. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 208(1-2), pp.113–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(02)00414-8.

Inherited Erythromelalgia

Crunkhorn, S., 2016. Pain: Blocking pain in inherited erythromelalgia. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 15(6), pp.384–384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.102.

Dabby, R., 2011. Pain Disorders and Erythromelalgia Caused by Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Mutations. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 12(1), pp.76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-011-0233-8.

Yang, Y. et al., 2016. Nav1.7-A1632G Mutation from a Family with Inherited Erythromelalgia: Enhanced Firing of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons Evoked by Thermal Stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(28), pp.7511–7522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0462-16.2016.

Intercostobrachial Nerve

Loukas, M. et al., 2006. The gross anatomy of the extrathoracic course of the intercostobrachial nerve. Clinical Anatomy, 19(2), pp.106–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20226.

Satija A, et al., 2014. Breast cancer pain management - A review of current & novel therapies. Indian J Med Res 2014 ;139:216-25. Available from: http://www.ijmr.org.in/text.asp?2014/139/2/216/130257

Silva, J.G. et al., 2014. Electrocortical Analysis of Patients with Intercostobrachial Pain Treated with TENS after Breast Cancer Surgery. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), pp.349–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.349.

Thallaj, A. et al., 2015. Ultrasound imaging accurately identifies the intercostobrachial nerve. Saudi Medical Journal, 36(10), pp.1241–1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.10.11758.

Interstitial Cystitis

Chen, W. et al., 2016. Elevated level of nerve growth factor in the bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a meta-analysis. SpringerPlus, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2719-y.

Chiu, B. et al., 2016. Botulinum Toxin A for Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. Toxins, 8(7), p.201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8070201.

Kim, H.-J., 2006. Update on the Pathology and Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Review. International Neurourology Journal, 20(1), pp.13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.1632522.261.

Intervertebral Disc

Ajayi, O. et al., 2016. Atypical Presentation of a Sequestered Posterolateral Disc Fragment. Cureus. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.502.

Akhaddar, A., El-asri, A. & Boucetta, M., 2011. Posterior epidural migration of a lumbar disc fragment: a series of 6 cases. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 15(1), pp.117–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.3.spine10832.

Jinkins, Whittemore, A. & Bradley, W., 1989. The anatomic basis of vertebrogenic pain and the autonomic syndrome associated with lumbar disk extrusion. American Journal of Roentgenology, 152(6), pp.1277–1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.152.6.1277.

Kjaer, P. et al., 2016. Progression of lumbar disc herniations over an eight-year period in a group of adult Danes from the general population – a longitudinal MRI study using quantitative measures. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0865-6.

Lin, Y. et al., 2015. Survivin is expressed in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells and is involved in proliferation and the prevention of apoptosis in vitro. Molecular Medicine Reports. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4605.

Sarath Babu, N. et al., 2016. Quantitative proteomic analysis of normal and degenerated human intervertebral disc. The Spine Journal, 16(8), pp.989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.03.051.

Takahashi, K., Aoki, Y. & Ohtori, S., 2008. Resolving discogenic pain. European Spine Journal, 17(S4), pp.428–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-008-0752-4.

Wang, Z. et al., 2015. Interleukin-2 is upregulated in patients with a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc and modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix metabolism of human nucleus pulposus cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2809.

Intestinal Angina

Hamaoka, T. et al., 2016. Intestinal angina in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-1055-8.

Melo, R. et al., 2016. Acute acalculous cholecystitis as a rare manifestation of chronic mesenteric ischemia. A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 25, pp.207–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.06.044.

O’Brien, K. & Ferral, H., 2016. Lessons learned from a case of multivessel median arcuate ligament syndrome in the setting of an Arc of Buhler. Radiology Case Reports, 11(3), pp.182–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.013.

Intestinal Obstruction

Barbosa, L. et al., 2016. Left paraduodenal hernia: a rare cause of small bowel obstruction in the elderly. BMJ Case Reports, p.bcr2015209678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-209678.

Eskelinen, M., Ikonen, J. & Lipponen, P., 1994. Contributions of History-Taking, Physical Examination, and Computer Assistance to Diagnosis of Acute Small-Bowel Obstruction: A Prospective Study of 1333 Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 29(8), pp.715–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529409092499.

Kappus, M. et al., 2016. Intestinal Failure: New Definition and Clinical Implications. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 18(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-016-0525-x.

Macina, S., Testa, T. & Losacco, C., 2016. Congenital internal hernia through defect in the falciform ligament in adult: A case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 26, pp.104–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.003.

Ng, Y.S. et al., 2016. Pseudo-obstruction, stroke, and mitochondrial dysfunction: A lethal combination. Annals of Neurology, 80(5), pp.686–692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.24736.

Udo, I., Abudu, E. & Uduma, F., 2016. Adult intussusception: An 8 years institutional review. Nigerian Medical Journal, 57(4), p.204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.188324.

Intraspinal Hematoma

Castillo, J.M. et al., 2015. Non-Traumatic Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma in a Patient with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation During Treatment with Rivaroxaban. American Journal of Case Reports, 16, pp.377–381. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.893320.

Famularo, G., Sajeva, M.R. & Gasbarrone, L., 2014. Warfarin-associated Hematomyelia. Internal Medicine, 53(6), pp.623–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1544.

Inamasu, J. et al., 2016. Warfarin-associated Intraspinal Hematoma. The Keio Journal of Medicine, 65(4), pp.74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.2015-0012-cr.

Leech, R.W., Pitha, J.V. & Brumback, R.A., 1991. Spontaneous haematomyelia: a necropsy study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 54(2), pp.172–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.54.2.172.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Jin, D.-C. et al., 2016. Regulation of the serotonin transporter in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(36), p.8137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8137.

Quigley, E.M.M. et al., 2016. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 50(9), pp.704–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0000000000000653.

Sibelli, A, Chalder, T., Everitt, H., Workman, P., Windgassen, S. and Moss-Morris, R., A Systematic review with meta-analysis of the role of anxiety and depression in irritable bowel syndrome onset. 2016 Nov;46(15):3065-3080 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27605134

Staudacher, H.M. & Whelan, K., 2016. Altered gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and the low FODMAP diet. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 75(03), pp.306–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665116000021.

Ischemic Colitis

Feuerstadt, P. & Brandt, L.J., 2015. Update on Colon Ischemia: Recent Insights and Advances. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 17(12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-015-0469-6.

Lee, M.J. et al., 2016. Risk factors for ischaemic colitis after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and observational meta-analysis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 31(7), pp.1273–1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-016-2606-6.

Weaver, L.K. and Deru, K., 2015. Ischemic colitis associated with acute carbon monoxide poisoning--a case report. Undersea & hyperbaric medicine: Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 43(2), pp.175-180. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27265995

Isonaizid

Nisar, M. et al., 1990. Exacerbation of isoniazid induced peripheral neuropathy by pyridoxine. Thorax, 45(5), pp.419–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.45.5.419.

Steichen, O., Martinez-Almoyna, L. & De Broucker, T., 2006. Neuropathie toxique induite par l’isoniazide : pensez à la prévention. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 23(2), pp.157–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(06)71480-2.

Jacobs, J.M., Miller, R.H. & Cavanagh, J.B., 1979. The distribution of degenerative changes in INH neuropathy. Acta Neuropathologica, 48(1), pp.1–9. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00691784.

Verma, A.K. et al., 2015. Isoniazid prevents Nrf2 translocation by inhibiting ERK1 phosphorylation and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Redox Biology, 6, pp.80–92. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.020.

Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy

Santilli, J et al., 1999. Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia:Diagnosis, Treatment, and prognosis. Am Fam Physician 59(7), pp.1899-1908 Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0401/p1899.html

Singh, V. et al., 2017. Ischemic monomelic neuropathy: a long-term follow-up of two cases. The Journal of Vascular Access, pp.0–0. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000743.

Weinberg, D.H. et al., 2001. Chronic ischemic monomelic neuropathy from critical limb ischemia. Neurology, 57(6), pp.1008–1012. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.6.1008.

Jujo, K. et al., 2017. Pilot Cohort Study Assessing the Efficacy of Endovascular Revascularization in the Restoration of Peripheral Sensory Disturbance in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia. Circulation Journal. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj-17-0405.

Joint Pain Radiations

Boswell, M.V. et al., 2007. A systematic review of therapeutic facet joint interventions in chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician, 10(1), pp.229–253. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17256032

Cohen, S.P. & Raja, S.N., 2007. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lumbar Zygapophysial (Facet) Joint Pain. Anesthesiology, 106(3), pp.591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200703000-00024

Datta, S. et al., 2009. Systematic assessment of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic utility of lumbar facet joint interventions. Pain Physician, 12(2), pp.437–460. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19305489

Patel, V.B., Wasserman, R. & Imani, F., 2015. Interventional Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Focused Review (Efficacy and Outcomes). Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 5(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/aapm.29716.

Klippel – Feil Syndrome

Bejiqi, R., 2015. Klippel – Feil Syndrome Associated with Congential Heart Disease Presentaion of Cases and a Review of the Current Literature. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.022.

Brokinkel, B. et al., 2013. Surgical treatment in a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome and anterior cervical meningomyelocele: a case report and review of literature. European Spine Journal, 22(S3), pp.517–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2769-6.

Kariki, E. et al., 2014. The Rare Sprengel Deformity: Our Experience with Three Cases. Journal of Clinical Imaging Science, 4(1), p.55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.143407.

Samartzis, D. et al., 2006. Symptomatic Cervical Disc Herniation in a Pediatric Klippel-Feil Patient. Spine, 31(11), pp.E335–E338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000217628.32344.73.

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Lee, S. et al., 2017. Anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve relevant to clinical findings in meralgia paresthetica. Muscle & Nerve, 55(5), pp.646–650. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25382.

Hanna, A.S., 2017. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve transposition: Renaissance of an old concept in the light of new anatomy. Clinical Anatomy, 30(3), pp.409–412. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22849.

Weng, W.-C. et al., 2017. Risk factor analysis for meralgia paresthetica: A hospital-based study in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 43, pp.192–195. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.024.

Lateral Recess Syndrome

Bajek, G., Bajek, S., Zoričić Cvek, S., Bobinac, D., Splavski, B. and Šepić Grahovac, D., 2010. Histomorphological analysis of the osteophytic appositions in patients with lumbar lateral recess syndrome. Collegium antropologicum, 34(2), pp.79-84. http://www.biowebspin.com/pubadvanced/article/21302706/

Bartynski, W.S. and Lin, L., 2003. Lumbar root compression in the lateral recess: MR imaging, conventional myelography, and CT myelography comparison with surgical confirmation. AJNR American journal of neuroradiology, 24(3), pp.348-360. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637281

Ciric, I. et al., 1980. The lateral recess syndrome. Journal of Neurosurgery, 53(4), pp.433–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1980.53.4.0433.

Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament

Sinha, P., Grindler, D.J. & Haughey, B.H., 2013. A pain in the neck. The Laryngoscope, 124(1), pp.116–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24419.

Leiomyoma

Cha, P.-C. et al., 2011. A genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with susceptibility to uterine fibroids. Nature Genetics, 43(5), pp.447–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.805.

Garg, K. et al., 2011. Morphologic Features of Uterine Leiomyomas Associated With Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 35(8), pp.1235–1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e318223ca01.

Pacheco-Rodriguez, G., Taveira-DaSilva, A.M. & Moss, J., 2016. Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 37(3), pp.589–595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.019.

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Lee, M. et al., 2013. An Anatomic Study of the Lesser Occipital Nerve and Its Potential Compression Points. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182a80721.

Peled, Z.M., Pietramaggiori, G. & Scherer, S., 2016. Anatomic and Compression Topography of the Lesser Occipital Nerve. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 4(3), p.e639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000654.

Ligamentum Flavum Cysts

DiMaio, S. et al., 2005. Ligamentum Flavum Cysts Causing Incapacitating Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, 32(02), pp.237–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100004030.

Taha, H. et al., 2010. Ligamentum flavum cyst in the lumbar spine: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 11(2), pp.117–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10195-010-0094-y.

Liver Disease

Liberal, R. & Grant, C.R., 2016. Cirrhosis and autoimmune liver disease: Current understanding. World Journal of Hepatology, 8(28), p.1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1157.

Oh, H. et al., 2016. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases: update on the challenge of diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, 22(3), pp.327–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.0049.

Long Thoracic Nerve

Han, J, et al., 2016. Thoracic Nerve Root Entrapment by Intrathecal Catheter Coiling: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pain Physician, 19:E499-E504 http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/pdf?article=MjYyNA%3D%3D&journal=95

Wiater, J.M. & Flatow, E.L., 1999. Long Thoracic Nerve Injury. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 368, p.17-27. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199911000-00004.

Le Nail, L.R. et al., 2014. Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle: Surgical release of the distal segment of the long thoracic nerve in 52 patients. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 100(4), pp.S243–S248. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2014.03.004.

Lumbar Plexus Overview

Banagan, K. et al., 2011. Anatomic Mapping of Lumbar Nerve Roots During a Direct Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Spine. Spine, 36(11), pp.E687–E691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3181ec5911.

Cejas, C. et al., 2015. High resolution neurography of the lumbosacral plexus on 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Radiología (English Edition), 57(1), pp.22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2014.07.001.

Guérin, P. et al., 2011. Safe working zones using the minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: a morphometric study. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 33(8), pp.665–671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0798-6.

Guérin, P. et al., 2011. The lumbosacral plexus: anatomic considerations for minimally invasive retroperitoneal transpsoas approach. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 34(2), pp.151–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0881-z.

Matejčík, V., 2009. Anatomical variations of lumbosacral plexus. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 32(4), pp.409–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-009-0546-3.

Van Alfen, N. & Malessy, M.J.A., 2013. Diagnosis of brachial and lumbosacral plexus lesions. Peripheral Nerve Disorders, pp.293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00018-7.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Singh, K. et al., 2005. Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective, control-matched, cohort radiographic analysis. The Spine Journal, 5(6), pp.615–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2005.05.385.

Soldatos, T., 2014. Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital lumbar spinal stenosis. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2(12), p.883. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.883.

Tomkins-Lane, C.C. et al., 2013. Nerve Root Sedimentation Sign for the Diagnosis of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Spine, 38(24), pp.E1554–E1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3182a8c2da.

Lumbar Spine Fractures and Dislocations

Alanay, A., 2000. Re: Post-Traumatic Findings of the Spine After Earlier Vertebral Fracture in Young Patients. Spine, 25(21), p.2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200011010-00027.

Baumann, F., Krutsch, W., Pfeifer, C., Neumann, C., Nerlich, M. and Loibl, M., 2014. Posterolateral Fusion in Acute Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Comparison of Demineralized Bone Matrix and Autologous Bone Graft. Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca, 82(2), pp.119-125. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26317180

Castaño-Betancourt, M.C. et al., 2013. Association of lumbar disc degeneration with osteoporotic fractures; the Rotterdam study and meta-analysis from systematic review. Bone, 57(1), pp.284–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.004.

El Assuity, W.I., El Masry, M.A. & Chan, D., 2007. Acute Traumatic Spondylolisthesis at the Lumbosacral Junction. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 62(6), pp.1514–1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000195463.83951.d7.

Health Quality Ontario, 2016. Vertebral Augmentation Involving Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty for Cancer-Related Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Systematic Review. Ontario Health Technology Asssessment Series, 16(11), pp.1–202. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902848/

Sime, D., Gabbe, B. & Liew, S., 2016. Outcomes of halo immobilization in the management of subaxial cervical facet fractures. ANZ Journal of Surgery. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.13656.

Tyroch, A.H., McGuire, E.L., McLean, S.F., Kozar, R.A., Gates, K.A., Kaups, K.L., Charles, C., Cowgill, S.M., Griswold, J.A., Sue, L.A. and Craun, M.L., 2005. The association between Chance fractures and intra-abdominal injuries revisited: a multicenter review. The American Surgeon, 71(5), pp.434-438. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15986977

Vaccaro, A.R. et al., 2013. AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System. Spine, 38(23), pp.2028–2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3182a8a381.

Wu, C.-T. et al., 2006. Classification of symptomatic osteoporotic compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 13(1), pp.31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2004.11.021.

Zhang, S., Mo, L., Liang, D., Jiang, X., Yang, Z., Tang, Y., Jin, D., Yao, Z., Guo, D. and Feng, P., 2016. [CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF SYMPTOMATIC SEVERE OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURE AND COLLAPSE]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi= Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi= Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery, 30(2), pp.189-196. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276813

Lumbar Spondylolysis

Elgafy, H. et al., 2015. Nonconsecutive Pars Interarticularis Defects. American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 44(12), pp.E526–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26665257

Leone, A. et al., 2010. Lumbar spondylolysis: a review. Skeletal Radiology, 40(6), pp.683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-010-0942-0.

Lumbar Vertebra/Disc

Bailey, J.F. et al., 2011. Innervation patterns of PGP 9.5-positive nerve fibers within the human lumbar vertebra. Journal of Anatomy, 218(3), pp.263–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01332.x.

Datta, S. et al., 2009. Systematic assessment of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic utility of lumbar facet joint interventions. Pain Physician, 12(2), pp.437–460. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19305489

Faustmann, P.M., 2004. [Neuroanatomic basis for discogenic pain]. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie, 142(6), pp.706–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-832490.

Raj, P.P., 2008. Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy-Physiology-Pathophysiology-Treatment. Pain Practice, 8(1), pp.18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x.

Rennie, C., Haffajee, M.R. & Ebrahim, M.A.A., 2012. The sinuvertebral nerves at the craniovertebral junction: A microdissection study. Clinical Anatomy, 26(3), pp.357–366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22105.

Sihvonen, T. et al., 1995. Dorsal Ramus Irritation Associated with Recurrent Low Back Pain and Its Relief with Local Anesthetic or Training Therapy. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 8(1), p.8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-199502000-00002.

Tomaszewski, K.A. et al., 2015. The biology behind the human intervertebral disc and its endplates. Folia Morphologica, 74(2), pp.157–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/fm.2015.0026.

Van Roy, P. et al., 2001. Anatomical background of low back pain: variability and degeneration of the lumbar spinal canal and intervertebral disc. Der Schmerz, 15(6), pp.418–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004820100026.

Lumbosacral Plexopathy Differential Diagnosis

Abdellaoui, A. et al., 2007. Lower limb paralysis from ischaemic neuropathy of the lumbosacral plexus following aorto-iliac procedures. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 6(4), pp.501–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2007.151993.

Dahele, M. et al., 2006. Radiation-induced Lumbo-sacral Plexopathy (RILSP): an Important Enigma. Clinical Oncology, 18(5), pp.427–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2006.03.004.

Dhillon, S.S. & Sarac, E., 2000. Lumbosacral plexopathy after dual kidney transplantation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 36(5), pp.1045–1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2000.19109.

García-Manzanares, M.D. et al., 1999. Bilateral lumbosacral plexopathy after mesenteric thrombosis. Spinal Cord, 37(7), pp.522–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100865.

Jaeckle, K.A., Young, D.F. & Foley, K.M., 1985. The natural history of lumbosacral plexopathy in cancer. Neurology, 35(1), pp.8–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.1.8.

Jang, D.-H. et al., 2011. The Relationship Between Lumbosacral Plexopathy and Pelvic Fractures. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 90(9), pp.707–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e31821f6bd9.

Ladha, S.S. et al., 2006. Neoplastic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy in prostate cancer by direct perineural spread: An unusual entity. Muscle & Nerve, 34(5), pp.659–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.20597.

Melikoglu, M.A. et al., 2008. Internal Iliac Artery Pseudoaneurysm. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 87(8), pp.681–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e31816dca87.

Soldatos, T. et al., 2013. High-Resolution 3-T MR Neurography of the Lumbosacral Plexus. RadioGraphics, 33(4), pp.967–987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.334115761.

Stoeckli, T.C., Mackin, G.A. & De Groote, M.A., 2000. Lumbosacral Plexopathy in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30(1), pp.226–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/313622.

Taylor, B.V. et al., 1997. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cancer-Related Lumbosacral Plexopathy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 72(9), pp.823–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/72.9.823.

Lumbosacral Plexus Injuries

Adelved, A. et al., 2014. Radiological findings correlate with neurological deficits but not with pain after operatively treated sacral fractures. Acta Orthopaedica, 85(4), pp.408–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2014.908344.

Adelved, A. et al., 2016. Long-term functional outcome after traumatic lumbosacral dissociation. A retrospective case series of 13 patients. Injury, 47(7), pp.1562–1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.006.

BARNETT, H.G. & CONNOLLY, E.S., 1975. LUMBOSACRAL NERVE ROOT AVULSION. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 15(6), pp.532–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-197506000-00015.

Finney, L.A. and Wulfman, W.A., 1960. Traumatic intradural lumbar nerve root avulsion with associated traction injury to the common peroneal nerve. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine, 84, pp.952-957. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/13699670

Garozzo, D., Zollino, G. & Ferraresi, S., 2014. In lumbosacral plexus injuries can we identify indicators that predict spontaneous recovery or the need for surgical treatment? Results from a clinical study on 72 patients. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, 9(1), p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-9-1.

MAJEED, S.A., 1992. Neurologic Deficits in Major Pelvic Injuries. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, &NA;(282), p.222-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199209000-00029.

Rai, S.K., Far, R.F. and Ghovanlou, B., 1990. Neurologic deficits associated with sacral wing fractures. Orthopedics, 13(12), pp.1363-1366. http://www.healio.com/orthopedics/journals/ortho/1990-12-13-12/%7B7ade70a5-38e6-41d4-a84c-57ebdee452c4%7D/neurologic-deficits-associated-with-sacral-wing-fractures

Stevanato, G. et al., Lumbosacral plexus lesions. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, pp.15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-72958-8_3.

Weis, E.B., 1984. Subtle Neurological Injuries in Pelvic Fractures. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 24(11), pp.983–985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198411000-00010.

Lumbosacral Plexus Obstetric Injury

A. Wong, C., 2003. Incidence of postpartum lumbosacral spine and lower extremity nerve injuries. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 101(2), pp.279–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02727-8.

Loo, C.C., Dahlgren, G. & Irestedt, L., 2000. Neurological complications in obstetric regional anaesthesia. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 9(2), pp.99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ijoa.1999.0347.

Park, S., Park, S.W. & Kim, K.S., 2013. Lumbosacral plexus injury following vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia -A case report-. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 64(2), p.175. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2013.64.2.175.

Lumbosacral Plexus Tumors

Agar, M., Broadbent, A. & Chye, R., 2004. The management of malignant psoas syndrome: case reports and literature review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 28(3), pp.282–293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.018.

Capek, S. et al., 2014. Recurrent rectal cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy with perineural spread to the spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve: An anatomic explanation. Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp.136–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22450.

Capek, S. et al., 2015. Perineural spread of pelvic malignancies to the lumbosacral plexus and beyond: clinical and imaging patterns. Neurosurgical Focus, 39(3), p.E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.focus15209.

Dalmau, J., Graus F., and Marco M, 1989. Hot and dry foot as initial manifestation of neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy. Neurology, 39.6, 871-871. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.6.871-a

Jaeckle, K.A., 1991. Nerve plexus metastases. Neurologic clinics, 9(4), pp.857-866. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026005557&origin=inward&txGid=E4851E8ADDCCC8C8F5929B1D1965E9FA.wsnAw8kcdt7IPYLO0V48gA%3a2

Jaeckle, K.A., Young, D.F. & Foley, K.M., 1985. The natural history of lumbosacral plexopathy in cancer. Neurology, 35(1), pp.8–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.1.8.

Ladha, S.S. et al., 2006. Neoplastic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy in prostate cancer by direct perineural spread: An unusual entity. Muscle & Nerve, 34(5), pp.659–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.20597.

Thomas, J.E., Cascino, T.L. & Earle, J.D., 1985. Differential diagnosis between radiation and tumor plexopathy of the pelvis. Neurology, 35(1), pp.1–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.35.1.1.

Lumbosacral Transition Vertebrae

Bron, J.L. et al., 2007. The clinical significance of lumbosacral transitional anomalies. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica, 73(6), p.687. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18260478

Bulut, M. et al., 2013. Is Sacralization Really a Cause of Low Back Pain? ISRN Orthopedics, 2013, pp.1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/839013.

Farshad-Amacker, N.A. et al., 2015. Associations between lumbosacral transitional anatomy types and degeneration at the transitional and adjacent segments. The Spine Journal, 15(6), pp.1210–1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.10.029.

Konin, G.P. & Walz, D.M., 2010. Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae: Classification, Imaging Findings, and Clinical Relevance. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 31(10), pp.1778–1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a2036.

Sekharappa, V. et al., 2014. Lumbosacral Transition Vertebra: Prevalence and Its Significance. Asian Spine Journal, 8(1), p.51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2014.8.1.51.

Lyme Disease

Bratton, R.L. et al., 2008. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 83(5), pp.566–571. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/83.5.56

DRYDEN, M.S. et al., 2014. Lyme borreliosis in southern United Kingdom and a case for a new syndrome, chronic arthropod-borne neuropathy. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(03), pp.561–572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814001071.

Petnicki-Ocwieja, T. & Kern, A., 2014. Mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi internalization and intracellular innate immune signaling. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00175.

Ramesh, G. et al., 2013. The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammation and apoptosis in cells from dorsal root ganglia. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-10-88.

Sanchez, E. et al., 2016. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis. JAMA, 315(16), p.1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.2884.

Steere, A.C. & Sikand, V.K., 2003. The Presenting Manifestations of Lyme Disease and the Outcomes of Treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(24), pp.2472–2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200306123482423.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Signaling and Demyelination

Campbell, D.S. & Holt, C.E., 2001. Chemotropic Responses of Retinal Growth Cones Mediated by Rapid Local Protein Synthesis and Degradation. Neuron, 32(6), pp.1013–1026. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00551-7.

Inoue, M. et al., 2006. Loss of Spinal Substance P Pain Transmission under the Condition of LPAI Receptor-Mediated Neuropathic Pain. Molecular Pain, 2, pp.1744–8069–2–25. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-2-25.

Weiner JA1, Fukushima N, Contos JJ, Scherer SS, Chun J., 2001. Regulation of Schwann cell morphology and adhesion by receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid signaling. J Neurosci. 15;21(18):7069-78. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11549717.

Nagai, J. et al., 2010. Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidic Acid1 receptor-Mediated Demyelination of Dorsal Root Fibers by Sciatic Nerve Injury and Intrathecal Lysophosphatidylcholine. Molecular Pain, 6, pp.1744–8069–6–78. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-6-78.

Ueda, H., 2017. Lysophosphatidic acid signaling is the definitive mechanism underlying neuropathic pain. PAIN, 158, pp.S55–S65. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000813.

Manubriosternal Joint

Ruiz-Esquide, V., García, A.I., Ramírez, J. and Guañabens, N., 2014. Inflammatory arthropathy of the manubriosternal joint. Rheumatology, 53 (10): 1731. Available at http://p.keu261.

Vaishya, R., Vijay, V. & Rai, B.K., 2015. Osteoarthritis of the Manubriosternal Joint: An Uncommon Cause of Chest Pain. Cureus. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.370.

Mechanisms Underlying Neuropathic Pain Animal Models

Bennett, G.J. & Xie, Y.-K., 1988. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain, 33(1), pp.87–107. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(88)90209-6.

Ho Kim, S. & Mo Chung, J., 1992. An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat. Pain, 50(3), pp.355–363. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90041-9.

Shir, Y. & Seltzer, Z., 1991. Effects of sympathectomy in a model of causalgiform pain produced by partial sciatic nerve injury in rats. Pain, 45(3), pp.309–320. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(91)90056-4.

Median Nerve

Voin, V. et al., 2017. Relationship of the Median and Radial Nerves at the Elbow: Application to Avoiding Injury During Venipuncture or Other Invasive Procedures of the Cubital Fossa. Cureus. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.1094.

Billakota, S., Ruch, D.S. & Hobson-Webb, L.D., 2017. Ultrasound Imaging of Median Nerve Conduit in a Patient With Persistent Median Nerve Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, p.1. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000386.

Andrea, A. et al., 2017. Median Nerve Palsies due to Injections: A Review. Cureus. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.1287.

Al-Qattan, M.M. & Al-Zahrani, K., 2017. An unusual pre-ligamentous thenar motor branch of the median nerve. European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 40(3), pp.259–262. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-016-1271-x.

Ghasemi-rad, M., 2014. A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome: From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment. World Journal of Radiology, 6(6), p.284. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.284.

Mesothelial Cyst

Perrini, P. et al., 2006. Thoracic radiculopathy from a paravertebral mesothelial cyst. Acta Neurochirurgica, 148(9), pp.989–991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-006-0815-4.

Metastasis

Chiang, A.C. & Massagué, J., 2008. Molecular Basis of Metastasis. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(26), pp.2814–2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra0805239.

Klein, C.A., 2008. CANCER: The Metastasis Cascade. Science, 321(5897), pp.1785–1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164853.

Nencini, S. & Ivanusic, J.J., 2016. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157.

Sutcliffe, P. et al., 2013. A systematic review of evidence on malignant spinal metastases: natural history and technologies for identifying patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and spinal cord compression. Health Technol Assess, 17(42). http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta17420.

Yoshida, B.A., 2000. Metastasis-Suppressor Genes: a Review and Perspective on an Emerging Field. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(21), pp.1717–1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.21.1717.

Metronidazole

Agarwal, A. et al., 2016. Metronidazole-induced cerebellar toxicity. Neurology International, 8(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6365.

Bradley, W.G., Karlsson, I.J. & Rassol, C.G., 1977. Metronidazole neuropathy. BMJ, 2(6087), pp.610–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6087.610.

Retamal-Riquelme, E. et al., 2014. Neurotoxicidad secundaria a metronidazol: un efecto adverso reversible. Caso clínico. Revista médica de Chile, 142(3), pp.386–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872014000300015.

Tan, C.-H. et al., 2010. Painful neuropathy due to skin denervation after metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 82(4), pp.462–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.194118.

Microscopic Polyangiitis

Bhadu, D., Kumar, P., Malhotra, K.P., Sharma, A., Sharma, M. and Srivastava, D., 2016. Central nervous system vasculitis in pediatric microscopic polyangiitis: A case report and review of literature. Acta reumatologica portuguesa. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27156236

Chen, Y. et al., 2016. Long-term outcome of mycophenolate mofetil treatment for patients with microscopic polyangiitis: an observational study in Chinese patients. Rheumatology International, 36(7), pp.967–974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-016-3492-5.

Kallenberg, C.G.M., 2014. The diagnosis and classification of microscopic polyangiitis. Journal of Autoimmunity, 48-49, pp.90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.023.

Migraine and Stroke

Arboix, A., 2013. Cortical laminar necrosis related to migrainous cerebral infarction. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 1(8), p.256. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v1.i8.256.

Floery, D. et al., 2012. Acute-Onset Migrainous Aura Mimicking Acute Stroke: MR Perfusion Imaging Features. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 33(8), pp.1546–1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a3020.

Guidetti, D. et al., 2014. Migraine and Stroke: “Vascular” Comorbidity. Frontiers in Neurology, 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00193.

Li, L. et al., 2015. Age-specific association of migraine with cryptogenic TIA and stroke. Neurology, 85(17), pp.1444–1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002059.

Øygarden, H. et al., 2014. Diffusion-weighted lesions in acute ischaemic stroke patients with migraine. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 129, pp.41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ane.12236.

Spalice, A. et al., 2016. Stroke and migraine is there a possible comorbidity? Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 42(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-016-0253-8.

Migraine with Aura

DeLange, J.M. & Cutrer, F.M., 2014. Our Evolving Understanding of Migraine with Aura. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 18(10). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-014-0453-0.

Thissen, S. et al., 2014. Persistent Migraine Aura: New Cases, a Literature Review, and Ideas About Pathophysiology. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 54(8), pp.1290–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12392.

Vijiaratnam, N. et al., 2016. Migraine: Does aura require investigation? Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 148, pp.110–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.07.006.

Migraine with Brainstem Aura

Harker, L.A. and Rassekh, C.H., 1987. Episodic vertigo in basilar artery migraine. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, 96(3), pp.239-250. https://eurekamag.com/research/028/268/028268427.php

Nesbitt, A.D. & Leschziner, G.D., 2016. Migraine with brainstem aura presenting as recurrent hypersomnia (Kleine-Levin syndrome). Practical Neurology, 16(5), pp.402–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2016-001418.

Yao, G. & Zhang, X.-M., 2016. A Valuable Case for Recognizing the Relationship between Arrhythmia and the Biology of Migraine with Brainstem Aura. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(1), pp.288–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12983.

Migraine: Catamenial

Mathew, P.G., Dun, E.C. & Luo, J.J., 2013. A Cyclic Pain. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 68(2), pp.130–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0b013e31827f2496.

Pavlović, J.M. et al., 2016. Sex hormones in women with and without migraine. Neurology, 87(1), pp.49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002798.

Migraine: Hemiplegic

Ophoff, R.A. et al., 1994. Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine. Genomics, 22(1), pp.21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1340.

Riant, F. et al., 2010. De novo mutations in ATP1A2 and CACNA1A are frequent in early-onset sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Neurology, 75(11), pp.967–972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f25e8f.

Terwindt, G., 2002. Mutation Analysis of the CACNA1A Calcium Channel Subunit Gene in 27 Patients With Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. Archives of Neurology, 59(6), p.1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.6.1016.

Migraine: Mechanisms

Friedrich, T., Tavraz, N.N. & Junghans, C., 2016. ATP1A2 Mutations in Migraine: Seeing through the Facets of an Ion Pump onto the Neurobiology of Disease. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00239.

Kowa, H., Takigawa, H. & Nakashima, K., 2014. Cortical spreading depression and pain: A missing link in the pathophysiology of migraine? Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 54(12), pp.1006–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1006.

McComas, A.J. & Upton, A.R.M., 2015. Cortical spreading depression in migraine-time to reconsider? Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 73(8), pp.714–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150094.

Noseda, R. & Burstein, R., 2013. Migraine pathophysiology: Anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization, and modulation of pain. Pain, 154, pp.S44–S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.021.

Viola, S. et al., 2014. The increased distensibility of the wall of cerebral arterial network may play a role in the pathogenic mechanism of migraine headache. Neurological Sciences, 35(S1), pp.163–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1761-1.

Migraine: Retinal

Demircan, S. et al., 2015. The Impact of Migraine on Posterior Ocular Structures. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2015, pp.1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/868967.

Gan, K.D., Mouradian, M.S., Weis, E. and Lewis, J.R., 2005. Transient monocular visual loss and retinal migraine. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173(12), pp.1441-1442. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/173/12/1441.figures-only/reply

Migraine: Vestibular

Cha, Y.H., Kane, M.J. and Baloh, R.W., 2008. Familial clustering of migraine, episodic vertigo, and Ménière’s disease. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 29(1), p.93. https://doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e31815c2abb

Dieterich, M., Obermann, M. & Celebisoy, N., 2016. Vestibular migraine: the most frequent entity of episodic vertigo. Journal of Neurology, 263(S1), pp.82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7905-2.

Furman, J.M., 2005. Migraine-anxiety related dizziness (MARD): a new disorder? Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(1), pp.1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.048926.

Misonidazole

BYDDER, P.V. et al., 1989. A Controlled Trial of Misonidazole in the Curative Treatment of Infiltrating Bladder Cancer. Australasian Radiology, 33(1), pp.8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1989.tb03227.x.

GRAZIANO, M., 1996. NEUROTOXICITY OF MISONIDAZOLE IN RATS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION. Pharmacological Research, 33(6), pp.307–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1996.0043.

Paulson OB, et al. 1984. Misonidazole neuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 100, pp.133-6. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6091392

Mixed Cryoglobulinemia

Anis, S., 2014. Vasculitis with renal involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: Case report and mini-review. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2(5), p.160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i5.160.

Pandrangi, S. et al., 2008. Rituximab treatment for a patient with type I cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology, 4(7), pp.393–397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0823.

Anis, S., 2014. Vasculitis with renal involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: Case report and mini-review. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2(5), p.160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i5.160.

Bhattarai, M., Woytowitz, D.V., Kaldas, H., Bastacky, S., Chen, S.S., Johnston, J.R. and Bernardo, J.F., 2015. Recurrent Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (MCS): A Case Report and Literature Review. Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 98(10), p.33. http://www.rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2015/10/2015-10-33-case-bhattarai.pdf

Damoiseaux, J. & Cohen Tervaert, J.W., 2013. Diagnostics and Treatment of Cryoglobulinaemia: It Takes Two to Tango. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 47(3), pp.299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-013-8390-y.

Multiple Sclerosis

ShayestehAzar, M et al. 2015. A Survey of Severity and Distribution of Musculoskeletal Pain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients; a Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Bone and Joint Surg, 3(2), pp 114-118. Available at: http://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_3939.html.

Khan, F., Amatya, B. & Kesselring, J., 2013. Longitudinal 7-year follow-up of chronic pain in persons with multiple sclerosis in the community. Journal of Neurology, 260(8), pp.2005–2015. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6925-z.

Solaro, C. & Messmer Uccelli, M., 2010. Pharmacological Management of Pain in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Drugs, p.1. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11537930-000000000-00000.

Nurmikko, T.J., Gupta, S. & Maclver, K., 2010. Multiple Sclerosis-Related Central Pain Disorders. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 14(3), pp.189–195. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-010-0108-8.

Kenner, M., Menon, U. & Elliott, D.G., 2007. Multiple Sclerosis as A Painful Disease. The Neurobiology of Multiple Sclerosis, pp.303–321. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0074-7742(07)79013-x.

Musculoskeletal Chest Pain (General)

Fam AG, et al. 1985. Musculoskeletal Chest Wall Pain. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 133:379-389. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1346531/

Winzenberg, T et al, 2015, Musculoskeletal chest wall pain. Australian family physician 44.8 (2015): 540-544. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510139

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Ma, H. et al., 2009. Musculocutaneous Nerve Entrapment. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(12), pp.2467–2469. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509337406.

Guerri-Guttenberg, R.A. & Ingolotti, M., 2009. Classifying musculocutaneous nerve variations. Clinical Anatomy, 22(6), pp.671–683. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20828.

Kumar, N. et al., 2014. Incidences and Clinical Implications of Communications between Musculocutaneous Nerve and Median Nerve in the Arm – A Cadaveric Study. West Indian Medical Journal, 62(8). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2013.175.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Ballyns, J.J., Shah, J.P., Hammond, J., Gebreab, T., Gerber, L.H. and Sikdar, S., 2011. Objective sonographic measures for characterizing myofascial trigger points associated with cervical pain. Journal of ultrasound in medicine, 30(10), pp.1331-1340. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493620/

Borg-Stein, J. & Simons, D.G., 2002. Myofascial pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, pp.S40–S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.32155.

Caumo W, et al. 2016, Motor Cortex Excitability and BDNF Levels in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain according to Structural Pathology. Front Hum Neurosci. 10: 357-375. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471458

Hong, C.-Z. & Simons, D.G., 1998. Pathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(7), pp.863–872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90371-9.

Tough, E.A. et al., 2007. Variability of Criteria Used to Diagnose Myofascial Trigger Point Pain Syndrome???Evidence From a Review of the Literature. Clin J Pain. 2007 Mar-Apr;23(3), pp.278–286. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314589

Nav1.8 Mutation

Dabby, R. et al., 2016. Painful small fiber neuropathy with gastroparesis: A new phenotype with a novel mutation in the SCN10A gene. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 26, pp.84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2015.05.071.

Daou, I. et al., 2016. Optogenetic Silencing of Nav1.8-Positive Afferents Alleviates Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. eNeuro, 3(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0140-15.2016.

Han, C. et al., 2013. The G1662S NaV1.8 mutation in small fibre neuropathy: impaired inactivation underlying DRG neuron hyperexcitability. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 85(5), pp.499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306095.

Huang, J. et al., 2013. Small-Fiber Neuropathy Nav1.8 Mutation Shifts Activation to Hyperpolarized Potentials and Increases Excitability of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(35), pp.14087–14097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2710-13.2013.

Nav1.9 Mutation SFN

Huang, J. et al., 2014. Gain-of-function mutations in sodium channel NaV1.9 in painful neuropathy. Brain, 137(6), pp.1627–1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu079.

Leipold, E. et al., 2015. Cold-aggravated pain in humans caused by a hyperactive NaV1.9 channel mutant. Nature Communications, 6, p.10049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10049 .

Okuda, H. et al., 2016. Infantile Pain Episodes Associated with Novel Nav1.9 Mutations in Familial Episodic Pain Syndrome in Japanese Families L. S. Premkumar, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(5), p.e0154827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154827.

Neck-Tongue Syndrome

Hu, N. & Dougherty, C., 2016. Neck-Tongue Syndrome. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 20(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-016-0555-y.

Lance, J.W. & Anthony, M., 1980. Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 43(2), pp.97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.43.2.97.

Niethamer, L. & Myers, R., 2016. Manual Therapy and Exercise for a Patient With Neck-Tongue Syndrome: A Case Report. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 46(3), pp.217–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2016.6195.

Nerve Injury Following Lumbar Plexus Blockade

Brull, R. et al., 2007. Neurological Complications After Regional Anesthesia: Contemporary Estimates of Risk. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 104(4), pp.965–974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000258740.17193.ec.

Gungor, I. et al., 2014. Femoral Nerve Injury Following a Lumbar Plexus Blockade. Balkan Medical Journal, 31(2), pp.184–186. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.13179.

Kaufman, B.R. et al., 2000. Debilitating chronic pain syndromes after presumed intraneural injections. Pain, 85(1), pp.283–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00243-2.

Neuralgic Amyotrophy

Chance, P.F. et al., 1994. Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: Two distinct genetic disorders. Neurology, 44(12), pp.2253–2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.44.12.2253.

Collie, A.M.B. et al., 2009. Non-recurrent SEPT9 duplications cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Journal of Medical Genetics, 47(9), pp.601–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2009.072348.

Collie, A.M.B. et al., 2009. Non-recurrent SEPT9 duplications cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Journal of Medical Genetics, 47(9), pp.601–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2009.072348.

Klein, C.J. et al., 2009. SEPT9 Mutations and a Conserved 17q25 Sequence in Sporadic and Hereditary Brachial Plexus Neuropathy. Archives of Neurology, 66(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2008.585.

Seror, P., 2016. Neuralgic amyotrophy. An update. Joint Bone Spine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.03.005.

Van Alfen, N., 2011. Clinical and pathophysiological concepts of neuralgic amyotrophy. Nature Reviews Neurology, 7(6), pp.315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.62.

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Higashihara, M., Konoeda, F. and Sonoo, M., 2016. [Neurological Signs and Symptoms of True Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]. Brain and nerve= Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 68(5), pp.521-529. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27156505

Klaassen, Z. et al., 2013. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A neurological and vascular disorder. Clinical Anatomy, 27(5), pp.724–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22271.

Neuroimaging of Pain

Tracey, I., 2017. Neuroimaging mechanisms in pain. PAIN, 158, pp.S115–S122. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000863.

Baliki, M.N., Geha, P.Y. & Vania Apkarian, A., 2007. Spontaneous pain and brain activity in neuropathic pain: Functional MRI and pharmacologic functional MRI studies. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 11(3), pp.171–177. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-007-0187-3.

Peyron, R. et al., 2004. An fMRI study of cortical representation of mechanical allodynia in patients with neuropathic pain. Neurology, 63(10), pp.1838–1846. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000144177.61125.85.

Chang, P.-C. et al., 2017. Brain activity for tactile allodynia. PAIN, 158(3), pp.488–497. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000788.

Seifert, F. & Maihöfner, C., 2007. Representation of cold allodynia in the human brain—A functional MRI study. NeuroImage, 35(3), pp.1168–1180. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.021.

Komaki, Y. et al., 2016. Functional brain mapping using specific sensory-circuit stimulation and a theoretical graph network analysis in mice with neuropathic allodynia. Scientific Reports, 6(1). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37802.

lomar, S. & Bakhaidar, M., 2016. Neuroimaging of neuropathic pain: review of current status and future directions. Neurosurgical Review. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10143-016-0807-7.

Yennu, A. et al., 2016. Prefrontal hemodynamic mapping by functional near-infrared spectroscopy in response to thermal stimulations over three body sites. Neurophotonics, 3(4), p.045008. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045008.

Neuroma

Ahlawat, S. et al., 2015. MRI features of peripheral traumatic neuromas. European Radiology, 26(4), pp.1204–1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3907-9.

Chhabra, A. et al., 2010. MR Neurography of Neuromas Related to Nerve Injury and Entrapment with Surgical Correlation. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 31(8), pp.1363–1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a2002.

Fayad, J.N. & Linthicum, F.H., 2009. Symptomatic Postsurgical Traumatic Neuromas. Otology & Neurotology, 30(7), pp.981–984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e3181b4ef04.

O’Reilly, M.A.R. et al., 2016. Neuromas as the cause of pain in the residual limbs of amputees. An ultrasound study. Clinical Radiology, 71(10), pp.1068.e1–1068.e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2016.05.022.

Rajput, K., Reddy, S. & Shankar, H., 2012. Painful Neuromas. The Clinical Journal oF Pain, 28(7), pp.639–645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0b013e31823d30a2.

Weng, W. et al., 2016. Significance of alpha smooth muscle actin expression in traumatic painful neuromas: a pilot study in rats. Scientific Reports, 6, p.23828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23828.

Neuromuscular Choristoma

Niederhauser, B.D. et al., 2012. Neuromuscular choristoma: characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings and association with post-biopsy fibromatosis. Skeletal Radiology, 42(4), pp.567–577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-012-1546-7.

O’Brien, T.G., Spinner, R.J. & Boon, A.J., 2016. Neuromuscular choristoma presenting with unilateral limb hypoplasia in a 3-year-old boy. Muscle & Nerve, 54(4), pp.797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25177.

Neuropathic Pain

Costigan, M., Scholz, J. & Woolf, C.J., 2009. Neuropathic Pain: A Maladaptive Response of the Nervous System to Damage. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 32(1), pp.1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135531.

Woolf, C.J., 2011. Central sensitization: Implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain, 152(Supplement), pp.S2–S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030.

Nitrofurantoin

Spring, P.J., et al.,  2001, Nitrofurantoin and Peripheral Neuropathy: A Forgotten Problem? Med J Aust 174 (3), 153-154. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11247627

Tan, I.L., 2012. Peripheral Nerve Toxic Effects of Nitrofurantoin. Archives of Neurology, 69(2), p.265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.1120.

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Joseph, E.K. et al., 2004. Novel mechanism of enhanced nociception in a model of AIDS therapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat. Pain, 107(1), pp.147–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2003.10.010.

Kallianpur, A.R. & Hulgan, T., 2009. Pharmacogenetics of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-associated peripheral neuropathy. Pharmacogenomics, 10(4), pp.623–637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pgs.09.14.

ROSSI, L. et al., 1999. Metabolism, mitochondrial uptake and toxicity of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine. Biochemical Journal, 344(3), p.915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3440915.

Obstetric Palsy

Jennett, R.J., Tarby, T.J. and Krauss, R.L., 2002. Erb's palsy contrasted with Klumpke's and total palsy: different mechanisms are involved. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 186(6), pp.1216-1220. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066101

Leshikar, H.B. et al., 2016. Clavicle Fracture Is Not Predictive of the Need for Microsurgery in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000000770.

Sandmire, H.F. and DeMott, R.K., 2005. Erb's palsy causation: iatrogenic or resulting from labor forces?. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 50(8), pp.563-566. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16220759

Obturator Nerve

Kumka, M., 2010. Critical sites of entrapment of the posterior division of the obturator nerve: anatomical considerations. J Can Chiropr Assoc., 54(1), pp. 33–42. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829684/

Kowalska, B. et al., 2012. Ultrasound assessment of selected peripheral nerves pathologies. Part II: Entrapment neuropathies of the lower limb. Journal of Ultrasonography, 12(51), pp.463–471. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/jou.2012.0033.

Kim, J.W., Shon, H.C. & Park, J.H., 2017. Injury of the obturator nerve in the modified Stoppa approach for acetabular fractures. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 103(5), pp.639–644. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2017.03.005.

Occipital Neuralgia

Cesmebasi, A. et al., 2014. Occipital neuralgia: Anatomic considerations. Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp.101–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22468.

Cesmebasi, A. et al., 2014. Occipital neuralgia: Anatomic considerations. Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp.101–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22468.

Choi, I. & Jeon, S.R., 2016. Neuralgias of the Head: Occipital Neuralgia. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(4), p.479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.479.

Choi, I. & Jeon, S.R., 2016. Neuralgias of the Head: Occipital Neuralgia. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(4), p.479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.479.

Shamji, M., Guha, D. et al., 2015. Occipital neuralgia secondary to unilateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: Case report and review of the literature. Surgical Neurology International, 6(1), p.186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.172531.

Tubbs, R.S. et al., 2011. Cruveilhier plexus: an anatomical study and a potential cause of failed treatments for occipital neuralgia and muscular and facet denervation procedures. Journal of Neurosurgery, 115(5), pp.929–933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.5.jns102058.

Zaremski, J.L. et al., 2015. Occipital Neuralgia as a Sequela of Sports Concussion. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 14(1), pp.16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000121.

Ochronosis

Braconi, D. et al., 2015. Oxidative stress and mechanisms of ochronosis in alkaptonuria. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 88, pp.70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.021.

Gil, J.A., Wawrzynski, J. & Waryasz, G.R., 2016. Orthopedic Manifestations of Ochronosis: Pathophysiology, Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. The American Journal of Medicine, 129(5), pp.536.e1–536.e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.01.010.

Opthalmoponesis with Migraine

Förderreuther, S. & Ruscheweyh, R., 2015. From Ophthalmoplegic Migraine to Cranial Neuropathy. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 19(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-015-0492-1.

Takizawa, T. et al., 2015. Adult-onset recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy displaying atypical oculomotor nerve gadolinium-enhancement pattern in the orbit and cavernous sinus. Cephalalgia, 36(2), pp.199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415583987.

Orchialgia

Gordhan, C.G. & Sadeghi-Nejad, H., 2015. Scrotal pain: Evaluation and management. Korean Journal of Urology, 56(1), p.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4111/kju.2015.56.1.3.

Morley C, Rogers A, Zaslau S. Post-vasectomy pain syndrome: clinical features and treatment options. Can J Urol. 2012 Apr;19(2):6160-4. Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512957

Parekattil, S. et al., 2016. Chronic orchialgia: Review of treatments old and new. Indian Journal of Urology, 32(1), p.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.173110.

Orthopedic Trauma and Associated Brachial Plexus Injury

Brogan, D.M. et al., 2014. Prevalence of Rotator Cuff Tears in Adults with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 96(16), pp.e139–1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.l.00420.

Güven, O. et al., 1994. Concomitant Rotator Cuff Tear and Brachial Plexus Injury in Association with Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Unhappy Triad of the Shoulder. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 8(5), pp.429–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199410000-00010.

Kaiser, R., Waldauf, P. and Haninec, P., 2012. Scapular fracture related to polytrauma severity in patients with serious brachial plexus palsy. Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca, 80(4), pp.284-286. http://www.achot.cz/detail.php?stat=634

Lädermann, A. et al., 2011. Prevalence of Neurologic Lesions After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 93(14), pp.1288–1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.j.00369.

Osteomyelitis

Kulcheski, Á.L. et al., 2015. Fungal spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans: an atypical case and review of the literature. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition), 50(6), pp.739–742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2015.10.005.

Simopoulos, T.T., Kraemer, J.J., Glazer, P. and Bajwa, Z.H., 2008. Vertebral osteomyelitis: A potentially catastrophic outcome after lumbar epidural steroid injection. Pain Physician, 11(5), pp.693-697. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18850035

Smith, A.S. and Blaser, S.I., 1991. Infectious and inflammatory processes of the spine. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 29(4), pp.809-827. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063006

Spyropoulou, V. et al., 2016. Progression of Infection after Surgical CT Navigation-Assisted Aspiration Biopsy of a Vertebral Abscess. Case Reports in Orthopedics, 2016, pp.1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8675761.

Ovarian Cancer

Goff, B.A. et al., 2007. Development of an ovarian cancer symptom index. Cancer, 109(2), pp.221–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22371.

Iyer, V.R. & Lee, S.I., 2010. MRI, CT, and PET/CT for Ovarian Cancer Detection and Adnexal Lesion Characterization. American Journal of Roentgenology, 194(2), pp.311–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.09.3522.

Ryerson, A.B. et al., 2007. Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Time to Key Diagnostic Procedures Among Older U.S. Women With Ovarian Cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 109(5), pp.1053–1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000260392.70365.5e.

Ovarian Cyst

Bosetti, C. et al., 2006. Benign ovarian cysts and breast cancer risk. International Journal of Cancer, 119(7), pp.1679–1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22016.

Bottomley, C. & Bourne, T., 2009. Diagnosis and management of ovarian cyst accidents. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 23(5), pp.711–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.001.

Lambert, M.J. & Villa, M., 2004. Gynecologic ultrasound in emergency medicine. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 22(3), pp.683–696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2004.04.016.

Stany, M.P. & Hamilton, C.A., 2008. Benign Disorders of the Ovary. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 35(2), pp.271–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2008.03.004.

Ovarian Cysts/Cancer

Biggs WS, Marks ST. Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses. Am Fam Physician. 2016 Apr 15;93(8):676-81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175840

Cooper, C.P. et al., 2016. Intended care seeking for ovarian cancer symptoms among U.S. women. Preventive Medicine Reports, 3, pp.234–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.01.011.

Cymbaluk-Ploska A, Chudecka-Glaz A, Surowiec A, Pius-Sadowska E, Machalinski B, Menkiszak J. MMP3 in Comparison to CA 125, HE4 and the ROMA Algorithm in Differentiation of Ovarian Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(5):2597-603. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27268637

Herek, D., Karabulut, A. & Agladioglu, K., 2016. Usefulness of transabdominal real-time sonoelastography in the evaluation of ovarian lesions: preliminary results. The British Journal of Radiology, 89(1065), p.20160173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160173.

Liew, P.-L. et al., 2016. DEF6 expression in ovarian carcinoma correlates with poor patient survival. Diagnostic Pathology, 11(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13000-016-0518-y.

Low, E.L. et al., 2013. Ovarian cancer symptom awareness and anticipated time to help-seeking for symptoms among UK women. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 39(3), pp.163–171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100473.

Montagnana, M. et al., 2011. The ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) for estimating the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in women presenting with pelvic mass: is it really useful? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 49(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm.2011.075.

Paget–Schröetter Syndrome

Dep, A. et al., 2013. Paget-Schrotter syndrome and complications of management. Case Reports, 2013(jul12 1), pp.bcr2013008858–bcr2013008858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-008858.

Edo Fleta, G. et al., 2016. Combined non-surgical treatment for Paget–Schröetter syndrome: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 10(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-016-0940-5.

Lugo, J. et al., 2015. Acute Paget–Schroetter Syndrome: Does the First Rib Routinely Need to Be Removed after Thrombolysis? Annals of Vascular Surgery, 29(6), pp.1073–1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2015.02.006.

Pain Demographic

Anderson, K.O., Green, C.R. & Payne, R., 2009. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pain: Causes and Consequences of Unequal Care. The Journal of Pain, 10(12), pp.1187–1204. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.002.

Fillingim, R.B. et al., 2009. Sex, Gender, and Pain: A Review of Recent Clinical and Experimental Findings. The Journal of Pain, 10(5), pp.447–485. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001.

Mogil, J.S., 2012. Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(12), pp.859–866. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3360.

Racine, M. et al., 2012. A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and pain perception – Part 2: Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men? Pain, 153(3), pp.619–635. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.026.

Pain Profiles

Freeman, R. et al., 2014. Sensory profiles of patients with neuropathic pain based on the neuropathic pain symptoms and signs. Pain, 155(2), pp.367–376. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472518

Maier, C. et al., 2010. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): Somatosensory abnormalities in 1236 patients with different neuropathic pain syndromes. Pain, 150(3), pp.439–450. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20627413

Sadosky, A. et al., 2016. Characterizing neuropathic pain profiles: enriching interpretation of painDETECT. Patient Related Outcome Measures, Volume 7, pp.93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/prom.s101892.

Vollert, J. et al., 2016. Symptom profiles in the painDETECT Questionnaire in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain stratified according to sensory loss in quantitative sensory testing. PAIN, 157(8), pp.1810–1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000588.

Painful Channelopathies

Bennett, D.L.H. & Woods, C.G., 2014. Painful and painless channelopathies. The Lancet Neurology, 13(6), pp.587–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70024-9.

Brouwer, B.A. et al., 2014. Painful neuropathies: the emerging role of sodium channelopathies. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 19(2), pp.53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jns5.12071.

Lampert, A., Eberhardt, M. & Waxman, S.G., 2014. Altered Sodium Channel Gating as Molecular Basis for Pain: Contribution of Activation, Inactivation, and Resurgent Currents. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, pp.91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41588-3_5.

Painful Chemotherapy Neuropathies (General)

Boyette-Davis, J.A., Walters, E.T. & Dougherty, P.M., 2015. Mechanisms involved in the development of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Pain Management, 5(4), pp.285–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.15.19.

Carozzi, V.A., Canta, A. & Chiorazzi, A., 2015. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: What do we know about mechanisms? Neuroscience Letters, 596, pp.90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.014.

Grisold, W., Cavaletti, G. & Windebank, A.J., 2012. Peripheral neuropathies from chemotherapeutics and targeted agents: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Neuro-Oncology, 14(suppl 4), pp.iv45–iv54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nos203.

Higa & Sypult, C., 2016. Molecular Biology and Clinical Mitigation of Cancer Treatment-Induced Neuropathy. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, p.27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s32810.

Jaggi, A.S. & Singh, N., 2012. Mechanisms in cancer-chemotherapeutic drugs-induced peripheral neuropathy. Toxicology, 291(1-3), pp.1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.019.

Painless Diabetic Motor Neuropathy

Dyck, P.J.B. & Thaisetthawatkul, P., 2014. Lumbosacral Plexopathy. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 20, pp.1343–1358. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25299286

Garces-Sanchez, M. et al., 2011. Painless diabetic motor neuropathy: A variant of diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus Neuropathy? Annals of Neurology, 69(6), pp.1043–1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.22334.

Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Median Nerve

Zanette, G. & Tamburin, S., 2016. The Diagnostic Value of Nerve Ultrasound in an Atypical Palmar Cutaneous Nerve Lesion. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 95(7), pp.e103–e107. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000000468.

Jones, C. et al., 2016. Incidence of an Anomalous Course of the Palmar Cutaneous Branch of the Median Nerve During Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41(8), pp.841–844. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.05.011.

Pancoast Tumor

Foroulis, C. et al, 2013 Superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumors: current evidence on diagnosis and radical treatment. J Thorac Dis., 5(Suppl 4), S342–S358. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791502/

Glassman, L.R. & Hyman, K., 2013. Pancoast tumor. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 19(4), pp.340–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0b013e3283621b31.

Strooker, J.A. et al., 2016. Painful Metastasis in the Lunate Bone as the First Symptom of a Pancoast Tumor; a Case Report and Review of the Literature. Journal of Hand and Microsurgery, 07(02), pp.343–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12593-015-0195-1.

Vallieres, E., Kraut, M.J. & Thomas, C.R., 2003. Pancoast (superior sulcus) neoplasms. Current Problems in Cancer, 27(2), pp.81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-0272(03)00018-7.

Parkinson’s Disease

Young Blood, M.R. et al., 2016. Classification and Characteristics of Pain Associated with Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s Disease, 2016, pp.1–8. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6067132.

Tseng, M., 2017. Pain in early-stage Parkinson's disease: Implications from clinical features to pathophysiology mechanisms Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 116 (8), pp. 571- 581. Available at: http://www.jfma-online.com/article/S0929-6646(16)30450-8/fulltext

Cury, R.G. et al., 2014. Effects of deep brain stimulation on pain and other nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 83(16), pp.1403–1409. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000000887.

Cury, R.G. et al., 2015. Sensory abnormalities and pain in Parkinson disease and its modulation by treatment of motor symptoms. European Journal of Pain, 20(2), pp.151–165. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.745.

Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder

Fertleman, C.R. et al., 2007. Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (previously familial rectal pain syndrome). Neurology, 69(6), pp.586–595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000268065.16865.5f.

Meglič, A. et al., 2014. Painful micturition in a small child: an unusual clinical picture of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Pediatric Nephrology, 29(9), pp.1643–1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-014-2819-2.

Paroxysmal Hemicrania

Antonaci, F., Pareja, J.A., Caminero, A.B. and Sjaastad, O., 1998. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua. Parenteral indomethacin: the ‘indotest’. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 38(2), pp.122-128. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1998.3802122.

Benoliel, R. & Sharav, Y., 1998. Paroxysmal hemicrania. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 85(3), pp.285–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90010-5.

Flavia, P. & Chiara, L., 2016. Coexistence of contralateral cluster headache and probable paroxysmal hemicrania: a case report. SpringerPlus, 5(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2000-4.

Goadsby, P., Cittadini, E. & Cohen, A., 2010. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias: Paroxysmal Hemicrania, SUNCT/SUNA, and Hemicrania Continua. Seminars in Neurology, 30(02), pp.186–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249227.

Silberstein, S.D. & Vodovskaia, N., 2013. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Other than Cluster Headache. Medical Clinics of North America, 97(2), pp.321–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.009.

Parsonage-Turner

Feinberg, J.H., Doward, D.A. & Gonsalves, A., 2006. Cervical Radiculopathy vs Parsonage–Turner Syndrome: a Case Report. HSS Journal, 3(1), pp.106–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11420-006-9028-x.

Schreiber, A.L., Abramov, R., Fried, G.W. and Herbison, G.J., 2009. Expanding the differential of shoulder pain: Parsonage-Turner syndrome. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 109(8), pp.415-422. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19706831

Tissier-Ducamp, D., Martinez, S., Alagha, K., Charpin, D., Chanez, P. and Palot, A., 2015. [Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to Parsonage-Turner syndrome]. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 32(7), pp.742-746. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25534571

Pectoral Nerve

Aktas, I., Palamar, D. & Akgun, K., 2015. Lateral Pectoral Nerve Injury Mimicking Cervical Radiculopathy. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 25(4), pp.e64–e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000147.

Leiman, D. et al., 2014. Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerve Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine for the Management of Postsurgical Pain after Submuscular Breast Augmentation. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 2(12), p.e282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000253.

Prakash KG, 2014. Anatomical Study of Pectoral Nerves and its Implications in Surgery. J Clin Diagn Res. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2014/8631.4545.

Pedicle Anomalies

Mohammad Samadian, M.D., Bakhtevari, M.H. and Naveed Nabizadeh, M.D., 2015. Congenital Posterior Spinal Agenesis Leads to L2-L3 Instability: a Case Report and Review of the Literature. Archives of Iranian medicine, 18(12), pp.861–864. https://dx.doi.org/0151812/AIM.0013.

Savas, R. et al., 1998. Hypoplastic lumbar pedicle in association with conjoined nerve root MRI demonstration. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 22(1), pp.77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-6111(98)00003-2.

Yoshioka, S. et al., 2010. Congenital absence of lumbosacral articular facet joint associated with conjoined nerve root: a case report. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 11(3), pp.183–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10195-010-0100-4.

Pelvic Floor Pain/Dysfunction

Doggweiler-Wiygul R, Wiygul JP. Interstitial cystitis, pelvic pain, and the relationship to myofascial pain and dysfunction: a report on four patients. World J Urol. 2002 Nov;20(5):310-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522588

Hoffman, D., 2015. Central and Peripheral Pain Generators in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Patient Centered Assessment and Treatment. Current Rheumatology Reviews, 11(2), pp.146–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397111666150619094524.

Itza, F. et al., 2010. Myofascial pain syndrome in the pelvic floor: A common urological condition. Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition), 34(4), pp.318–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-5786(10)70077-9.

Itza, F. et al., 2015. Turn-Amplitude Analysis as a Diagnostic Test for Myofascial Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain. Pain Research and Management, 20(2), pp.96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/562349.

Weiss, J.M., 2001. PELVIC FLOOR MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS: MANUAL THERAPY FOR INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AND THE URGENCY-FREQUENCY SYNDROME. The Journal of Urology, 166(6), pp.2226–2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65539-5.

Peroneal Nerve

Corey, R.M. & Salazar, D.H., 2016. Entrapment of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve Following a Distal Fibula Fracture. Foot & Ankle Specialist, 10(1), pp.69–71. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640016640887.

Dallari, D., et al., 2004. Deep peroneal nerve paresis in a runner caused by ganglion at capitulum peronei. Case report and review of the literature. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 44(4), pp. 436-40. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15758858

Brestas, P., Protopsaltis, I. & Drossos, C., 2016. Role of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of a ganglion cyst compressing the lateral branch of deep peroneal nerve. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 45(2), pp.108–111. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22388.

Maalla, R. et al., 2013. Peroneal nerve entrapment at the fibular head: Outcomes of neurolysis. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 99(6), pp.719–722. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2013.05.004.

Iwamoto, N. et al., 2016. Repetitive Plantar Flexion Test as an Adjunct Tool for the Diagnosis of Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment Neuropathy. World Neurosurgery, 86, pp.484–489. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.080.

Demiroğlu, M. et al., 2017. Deep peroneal nerve palsy due to osteochondroma arising from fibular head and proximal lateral tibia. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 31, pp.200–202. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.01.050.

Kitamura, T. et al., 2017. Dynamic factors involved in common peroneal nerve entrapment neuropathy. Acta Neurochirurgica, 159(9), pp.1777–1781. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3265-2.

Bregman, P.J. & Schuenke, M., 2016. Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Superficial Fibular Nerve Injuries and Entrapment. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 33(2), pp.243–254. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2015.12.007.

Perineurial Cyst

Elsawaf, A., Awad, T.E. & Fesal, S.S., 2016. Surgical excision of symptomatic sacral perineurial Tarlov cyst: case series and review of the literature. European Spine Journal, 25(11), pp.3385–3392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4584-3.

Nicpoń, K.W. et al., 2002. [Cauda equina syndrome caused by Tarlov's cysts--case report]. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska, 36(1), pp.181–189. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/12053609

Singh, P.K. et al., 2009. Tarlov Cyst and Infertility. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(2), pp.191–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2009.11760771.

Phantom Breast Pain

Björkman, B., Arnér, S. & Hydén, L.-C., 2008. Phantom Breast and Other Syndromes After Mastectomy: Eight Breast Cancer Patients Describe Their Experiences Over Time: A 2-Year Follow-up Study. The Journal of Pain, 9(11), pp.1018–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.003.

Krøner K, Knudsen UB, Lundby L, Hvid HM. [Phantom breast syndrome]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994 Feb 14;156(7):977-80. Danish. PubMed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009741

Ramesh, Shukla, N. & Bhatnagar, S., 2009. Phantom breast syndrome. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 15(2), p.103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.58453.

Phantom Pain

Jutzeler, C.R., Curt, A. & Kramer, J.L.K., 2015. Relationship between chronic pain and brain reorganization after deafferentation: A systematic review of functional MRI findings. NeuroImage: Clinical, 9, pp.599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.09.018.

Raffin, E. et al., 2016. Primary motor cortex changes after amputation correlate with phantom limb pain and the ability to move the phantom limb. NeuroImage, 130, pp.134–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.063.

Seifert, F. & Maihöfner, C., 2008. Central mechanisms of experimental and chronic neuropathic pain: Findings from functional imaging studies. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 66(3), pp.375–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-8428-0.

Subedi, B. & Grossberg, G.T., 2011. Phantom Limb Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches. Pain Research and Treatment, 2011, pp.1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/864605.

Phrenic Nerve

Le Pimpec-Barthes, F. et al., 2016. Diaphragm pacing: the state of the art. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(S4), pp.S376–S386. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.03.97.

Le Pimpec-Barthes, F., Pricopi, C., Mordant, P., Arame, A., Badia, A., Grand, B., Bagan, P., Hernigou, A. and Riquet, M., 2013. [Diaphragmatic palsy and dysfunction: from physiology to surgery]. Revue de pneumologie clinique, 70(1-2), pp.95-107. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566026

Mugnai, G. et al., 2016. Femoral venous pressure waveform as indicator of phrenic nerve injury in the setting of second-generation cryoballoon ablation. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2459/jcm.0000000000000418.

Ostrowska, M. & de Carvalho, M., 2012. Prognosis of phrenic nerve injury following thoracic interventions: Four new cases and a review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 114(3), pp.199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.12.016.

Van de Perck, F. et al., 2015. Phrenic Nerve Injury After Radiofrequency Denervation of the Cervical Medial Branches. Pain Practice, 16(2), pp.E42–E45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12398.

Wang, Y.-J. et al., 2016. Imaging of Pericardiophrenic Bundles Using Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography for Phrenic Nerve Anatomy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 27(8), pp.961–971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.13003.

Plantar Nerves

Kuran, B., 2016. Medial calcaneal neuropathy: A rare cause of prolonged heel pain. Ağrı - The Journal of The Turkish Society of Algology. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/agri.2015.13540.

Ferkel, E., Davis, W.H. & Ellington, J.K., 2015. Entrapment Neuropathies of the Foot and Ankle. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 34(4), pp.791–801. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.002.

Chang, K.-V., Wu, W.-T. & Özçakar, L., 2016. An Uncommon Cause of Mid-foot Pain: Ultrasound Imaging for Plantar Fibromatosis and Entrapment of the Lateral Plantar Nerve. Pain Medicine, 17(10), pp.1965–1966. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnw059.

Tu, P., et al., 2011. Diagnosis of Heel Pain. Am Fam Physician, 84(8), pp. 909-916. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/1015/p909.html

Poliomyelitis

Al-Shekhlee, A. & Katirji, B., 2004. Electrodiagnostic features of acute paralytic poliomyelitis associated with West Nile virus infection. Muscle & Nerve, 29(3), pp.376–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.10557.

Dutta, A., 2008. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis—Options and update. Vaccine, 26(45), pp.5767–5773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.101.

Gonzalez, H., Olsson, T. and Borg, K., 2010. Management of postpolio syndrome. The Lancet Neurology, 9(6), pp.634-642. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494327

Lin, K.H. and Lim, Y.W., 2005. Post-poliomyelitis syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 34(7), p.447. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123820

Polyarteritis Nodosa

De Virgilio, A. et al., 2016. Polyarteritis nodosa: A contemporary overview. Autoimmunity Reviews, 15(6), pp.564–570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.015.

Dillon, M.J., Eleftheriou, D. & Brogan, P.A., 2009. Medium-size-vessel vasculitis. Pediatric Nephrology, 25(9), pp.1641–1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-009-1336-1.

Koster, M.J. & Warrington, K.J., 2016. Recent advances in understanding and treating vasculitis. F1000Research, 5, p.1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8403.1.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Buttgereit, F. et al., 2016. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis. JAMA, 315(22), p.2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.5444.

Schmidt, J. & Warrington, K.J., 2011. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis in Older Patients. Drugs & Aging, 28(8), pp.651–666. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11592500-000000000-00000.

Porphyria

Albers, J.W. & Fink, J.K., 2004. Porphyric neuropathy. Muscle & Nerve, 30(4), pp.410–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.20137.

Besur, S. et al., 2014. Clinically Important Features of Porphyrin and Heme Metabolism and the Porphyrias. Metabolites, 4(4), pp.977–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo4040977.

Besur, S., Schmeltzer, P. & Bonkovsky, H.L., 2015. Acute Porphyrias. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 49(3), pp.305–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.04.034.

Pischik, E. & Kauppinen, R., 2015. An update of clinical management of acute intermittent porphyria. The Application of Clinical Genetics, p.201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/tacg.s48605.

Porphyria: Acute Intermittent

Akagi, R. et al., 2006. Dual gene defects involving delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase in a porphyria patient. British Journal of Haematology, 132(2), pp.237–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05852.x.

Chretien, S. et al., 1988. Alternative transcription and splicing of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene result either in tissue-specific or in housekeeping expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 85(1), pp.6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.1.6.

Doss, M.O. et al., 2004. The third case of Doss porphyria ( -amino-levulinic acid dehydratase deficiency) in Germany. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 27(4), pp.529–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:boli.0000037341.21975.9d.

Jaffe, E.K. & Stith, L., 2007. ALAD Porphyria Is a Conformational Disease. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 80(2), pp.329–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511444.

Kuo, H.-C. et al., 2015. Porphyric neuropathies in an acute intermittent porphyria family. Neuropathology, 36(3), pp.290–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/neup.12272.

Mullin, S. et al., 2012. Cerebral vasospasm and anterior circulation stroke secondary to an exacerbation of hereditary corproporphyria. Practical Neurology, 12(6), pp.384–387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2012-000288.

Schmitt, C., 2005. Mutations in human CPO gene predict clinical expression of either hepatic hereditary coproporphyria or erythropoietic harderoporphyria. Human Molecular Genetics, 14(20), pp.3089–3098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi342.

Valle, G. et al., 2016. Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP): A Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Study. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 16(1), pp.39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530316666151218151101.

Wu, C.-L. et al., 2015. Clinical presentation and electrophysiological findings of porphyric neuropathies: A follow-up study. Muscle & Nerve, 51(3), pp.363–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24327.

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves

Ploteau, S. et al., 2017. Entrapment of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and its inferior cluneal branches: anatomical basis of surgery for inferior cluneal neuralgia. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 39(8), pp.859–863. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1825-z.

Joshi, D.H. et al., 2017. MRI-guided cryoablation of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve for the treatment of neuropathy-mediated sitting pain. Skeletal Radiology, 46(7), pp.983–987. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-017-2617-6.

Porphyria: Variegate

Brenner, D.A. & Bloomer, J.R., 1980. The Enzymatic Defect in Variegate Porphyria. New England Journal of Medicine, 302(14), pp.765–769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm198004033021401.

Fromke, Vincent L. et al., 1978. Porphyria variegata. Study of a large kindred in the United States. The American Journal of Medicine, 65(1), p.A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(78)90696-4

Mustajoki, P., 1980 Variegate porphyria: Twelve years’ experience in Finland. Quart. J. Med., 49, pp.191-203. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433635.

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Lim, J.J. et al., 2016. Association of miR-146a, miR-149, miR-196a2, and miR-499 Polymorphisms with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine S. Gronthos, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(7), p.e0159756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159756.

Nakajima, M. et al., 2016. Identification and Functional Characterization of RSPO2 as a Susceptibility Gene for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 99(1), pp.202–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.018.

Post-Herniorrhaphy Pain

Amid, P.K., 2004. Radiologic Images of Meshoma. Archives of Surgery, 139(12), p.1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.139.12.1297.

Chen, D. et al., 2014. Pain control following inguinal herniorrhaphy: current perspectives. Journal of Pain Research, p.277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s47005.

Klein, F. et al., 2012. Formation of a Chronic Pain Syndrome Due to Mesh Shrinkage After Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM). Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques, 22(5), pp.e288–e290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0b013e31825efc3c.

Liem, L. & Mekhail, N., 2016. Management of Postherniorrhaphy Chronic Neuropathic Groin Pain: A Role for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation. Pain Practice, 16(7), pp.915–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12424.

Narita, M. et al., 2015. Successful treatment for patients with chronic orchialgia following inguinal hernia repair by means of meshoma removal, orchiectomy and triple-neurectomy. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 16, pp.157–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.09.044.

Post-Mastectomy Pain

Alves Nogueira Fabro, E. et al., 2012. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome: Incidence and risks. The Breast, 21(3), pp.321–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2012.01.019.

Macdonald, L. et al., 2005. Long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors with post-mastectomy pain syndrome. British Journal of Cancer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6602304.

Post-Stroke Pain

Henry, J.L., Lalloo, C. & Yashpal, K., 2008. Central Poststroke Pain: An Abstruse Outcome. Pain Research and Management, 13(1), pp.41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/754260.

Morishita, T. & Inoue, T., 2016. Brain Stimulation Therapy for Central Post-Stroke Pain from a Perspective of Interhemispheric Neural Network Remodeling. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00166.

Post-Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome

Karmakar, Manoj K et al., 2004. Postthoracotomy pain syndrome. Thoracotomy Surg Clin 14(3):345-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1547-4127(04)00022-2

Madabushi R, Tewari S, Gautam SK1, Agarwal A, Agarwal A., 2015. Serratus anterior plane block: a new analgesic technique for post-thoracotomy pain. Pain physician, 18(3), pp.E421-E424. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000690

Scarfe, A.J. et al., 2016. Continuous paravertebral block for post-cardiothoracic surgery analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 50(6), pp.1010–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezw168.

Potassium Channels

Bhattacharjee, A. & Kaczmarek, L., 2005. For K+ channels, Na+ is the new Ca 2+. Trends in Neurosciences, 28(8), pp.422–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.003.

Cao, X.-H. et al., 2010. Reduction in voltage-gated K+ channel activity in primary sensory neurons in painful diabetic neuropathy: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Journal of Neurochemistry, p.1460–1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06863.x.

Hao, J. et al., 2013. Kv1.1 Channels Act as Mechanical Brake in the Senses of Touch and Pain. Neuron, 77(5), pp.899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.035.

Kang, D., 2006. TREK-2 (K2P10.1) and TRESK (K2P18.1) are major background K+ channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons. AJP: Cell Physiology, 291(1), pp.C138–C146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00629.2005.

Maljevic, S. & Lerche, H., 2012. Potassium channels: a review of broadening therapeutic possibilities for neurological diseases. Journal of Neurology, 260(9), pp.2201–2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-012-6727-8.

Nockemann, D. et al., 2013. The K + channel GIRK2 is both necessary and sufficient for peripheral opioid-mediated analgesia . EMBO Mol Med, 5(8), pp.1263–1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201201980.

Rasband, M.N. et al., 2001. Distinct potassium channels on pain-sensing neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(23), pp.13373–13378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.231376298.

Tsantoulas, C. et al., 2012. Sensory Neuron Downregulation of the Kv9.1 Potassium Channel Subunit Mediates Neuropathic Pain following Nerve Injury. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(48), pp.17502–17513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3561-12.2012.

Tulleuda, A. et al., 2011. TRESK channel contribution to nociceptive sensory neurons excitability: modulation by nerve injury. Mol Pain, 7(1), p.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-7-30.

Zheng, Q. et al., 2013. Suppression of KCNQ/M (Kv7) potassium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to the development of bone cancer pain in a rat model. Pain, 154(3), pp.434–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.005.

Precordial Catch Syndrome

Hayes, D. et al., 2016. Precordial Catch Syndrome in Elite Swimmers With Asthma. Pediatric Emergency Care, 32(2), pp.104–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0000000000000715.

Pickering, D., 1981. Precordial catch syndrome. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56(5), pp.401–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.56.5.401.

Proximal Extreme Pain Disorder

Emery, E.C. et al., 2015. Novel SCN9A Mutations Underlying Extreme Pain Phenotypes: Unexpected Electrophysiological and Clinical Phenotype Correlations. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(20), pp.7674–7681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3935-14.2015.

Kim, D.T. et al., 2015. Bilateral congenital corneal anesthesia in a patient with SCN9A mutation, confirmed primary erythromelalgia, and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 19(5), pp.478–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.05.015.

Suter, M.R., 2015. What are the treatment options for paroxysmal extreme pain disorder? Pain Management, 5(4), pp.229–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.15.24.

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Bateman, G.A., 2006. Association between arterial inflow and venous outflow in idiopathic and secondary intracranial hypertension. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 13(5), pp.550-556. http://fulltext.study/download/3063490.pdf

Ibrahim, Y.A. et al., 2014. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Transverse Dural Venous Sinus Attenuation on CT Scans. The Neuroradiology Journal, 27, p.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/nrj-2014-10086.

Julayanont, P. et al., 2016. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: ongoing clinical challenges and future prospects. Journal of Pain Research, p.87. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4767055/

Psychosocial Influences on Pain

Edwards, R.R. et al., 2016. The Role of Psychosocial Processes in the Development and Maintenance of Chronic Pain. The Journal of Pain, 17(9), pp.T70–T92. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.01.001.

Main, C.J., 2013. The importance of psychosocial influences on chronic pain. Pain Management, 3(6), pp.455–466. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.13.49.

Turk, D.C., Fillingim, R.B., Ohrbach, R. and Patel, K.V., 2016. Assessment of psychosocial and functional impact of chronic pain. The Journal of Pain, 17(9), pp.T21-T49. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586830

Pudendal Nerve

Amarenco G, Denys P, Kerdraon J. [Neuropathy due to stretching of the internal pudendal nerve and female urinary incontinence]. J Urol (Paris). 1992;98(4):196-8. Review. French. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/1297664

Chhabra, A. et al., 2016. 3T magnetic resonance neurography of pudendal nerve with cadaveric dissection correlation. World Journal of Radiology, 8(7), p.700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v8.i7.700.

Elkins, N., Hunt, J. & Scott, K.M., 2017. Neurogenic Pelvic Pain. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 28(3), pp.551–569. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2017.03.007.

Labat, J.-J. et al., 2008. Diagnostic criteria for pudendal neuralgia by pudendal nerve entrapment (Nantes criteria). Neurourology and Urodynamics, 27(4), pp.306–310. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20505.

Ploteau, S. et al., 2017. Anatomical Variants of the Pudendal Nerve Observed during a Transgluteal Surgical Approach in a Population of Patients with Pudendal Neuralgia. Pain Physician, 20(1), pp. E137-E143 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/28072805

Robert R, Labat JJ, Riant T, Louppe JM, Hamel O. [The pudendal nerve: clinical and therapeutic morphogenesis, anatomy, and physiopathology]. Neurochirurgie. 2009 Oct;55(4-5):463-9. Review. French. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19748642

Robert, R. et al., 1998. Anatomic basis of chronic perineal pain: role of the pudendal nerve. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 20(2), pp.93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-998-0093-3.

Shafik, A. et al., 1995. Surgical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its clinical implications. Clinical Anatomy, 8(2), pp.110–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980080205.

Wadhwa, V. et al., 2016. Pudendal nerve and branch neuropathy: magnetic resonance neurography evaluation. Acta Radiologica, 58(6), pp.726–733. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116668213.

Pyelonephritis

Abrahamian, F.M., Moran, G.J. & Talan, D.A., 2008. Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 22(1), pp.73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2007.10.002.

Czaja, C.A. et al., 2007. Population-Based Epidemiologic Analysis of Acute Pyelonephritis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45(3), pp.273–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519268.

Kofteridis, D.P. et al., 2009. Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Clinical and Microbiological Features of Hospitalized Elderly Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(11), pp.2125–2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02550.x.

Martina, M.C. et al., 2009. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in acute pyelonephritis. La radiologia medica, 115(2), pp.287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11547-009-0468-5.

Radial Nerve

MORAES, M.A.D. et al., 2017. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE ENTRAPMENT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 25(1), pp.52–54. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220172501164801.

Spies, CK. Et al., 2016. Surgical decompression of the superficial radial nerve: Wartenberg syndrome]. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 28(2):145-52. doi: 10.1007/s00064-015-0431-7.Abstract in English available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26497308. Article available in German at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00064-015-0431-7

Berton, C. et al., 2012. The supinator muscle: anatomical bases for deep branch of the radial nerve entrapment. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 35(3), pp.217–224. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1024-x.

P. Clavert, J.C. Lutz, P. Adam, R. Wolfram-Gabel, P. Liverneaux, J.L. Kahn. Frohse's arcade is not the exclusive compression site of the radial nerve in its tunnel. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 95(2), pp 114-118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2008.11.001

Vergara-Amador, E. & Ramírez, A., 2015. Anatomic study of the extensor carpi radialis brevis in its relation with the motor branch of the radial nerve. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 101(8), pp.909–912. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2015.09.030.

Muthulingam, M., 2016. Unusual Presentation of Radial Nerve Entrapment with Lateral Humeral Condyle Fracture – A Case Report. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2016/21923.8717.

Nachef, N. et al., 2017. Predictors of radial nerve palsy recovery in humeral shaft fractures: A retrospective review of 17 patients. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 103(2), pp.177–182. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2016.10.023.

Saaiq, M &* and Siddiui, S., 2017. Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome Resulting from Parosteal Lipoma of the Proximal Radius: An Elusive Diagnosis Yet Excellent Outcome. World J Plast Surg, 6(1), pp 100–105. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5339617/

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Bittar, A., Jun, J., La, J.H., Wang, J., Leem, J.W. and Chung, J.M., 2017. Reactive oxygen species affect spinal cell type-specific synaptic plasticity in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain158(11), pp.2137-2146. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28708760

Beckhauser, T.F., Francis-Oliveira, J. and De Pasquale, R., 2016. Reactive oxygen species: physiological and physiopathological effects on synaptic plasticity. Journal of experimental neuroscience10(Suppl 1), p.23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27625575

Fidanboylu, M., Griffiths, L.A. and Flatters, S.J., 2011. Global inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibits paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. PloS one6(9), p.e25212. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21966458

Gwak, Y.S., Hassler, S.E. and Hulsebosch, C.E., 2013. Reactive oxygen species contribute to neuropathic pain and locomotor dysfunction via activation of CamKII in remote segments following spinal cord contusion injury in rats. PAIN®154(9), pp.1699-1708. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707296

Kallenborn-Gerhardt, W., Schröder, K., Del Turco, D., Lu, R., Kynast, K., Kosowski, J., Niederberger, E., Shah, A.M., Brandes, R.P., Geisslinger, G. and Schmidtko, A., 2012. NADPH oxidase-4 maintains neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience32(30), pp.10136-10145. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836249

Kim, H.Y., Chung, J.M. and Chung, K., 2008. Increased production of mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord induces pain behaviors in mice: the effect of mitochondrial electron transport complex inhibitors. Neuroscience letters447(1), pp.87-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832013

Latremoliere, A. and Woolf, C.J., 2009. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The Journal of Pain10(9), pp.895-926. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19712899

Lee, K.Y., Chung, K. and Chung, J.M., 2010. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in long-term potentiation in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Journal of neurophysiology103(1), pp.382-391. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19906875

Takahashi, A., Mikami, M. and Yang, J., 2007. Hydrogen peroxide increases GABAergic mIPSC through presynaptic release of calcium from IP3 receptorsensitive stores in spinal cord substantia gelatinosa neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience25(3), pp.705-716. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17328771

Vander Heide, R.S., Sobotka, P.A. and Ganote, C.E., 1987. Effects of the free radical scavenger DMTU and mannitol on the oxygen paradox in perfused rat hearts. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology19(6), pp.615-625. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3114497

Yowtak, J., Lee, K.Y., Kim, H.Y., Wang, J., Kim, H.K., Chung, K. and Chung, J.M., 2011. Reactive oxygen species contribute to neuropathic pain by reducing spinal GABA release. Pain®152(4), pp.844-852. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21296500

Yowtak, J., Wang, J., Kim, H.Y., Lu, Y., Chung, K. and Chung, J.M., 2013. Effect of antioxidant treatment on spinal GABA neurons in a neuropathic pain model in the mouse. PAIN®154(11), pp.2469-2476. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880056

Referred Pain (0verview)

Luz, L.L. et al., 2015. Monosynaptic convergence of somatic and visceral C-fiber afferents on projection and local circuit neurons in lamina I. PAIN, 156(10), pp.2042–2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000267.

Renal Colic

Eltawansy, S.A. et al., 2014. Acute Renal Infarction Presenting with Acute Abdominal Pain Secondary to Newly Discovered Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Reports in Emergency Medicine, 2014, pp.1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/981409.

Huang, C.-C. et al., 2007. ED presentations of acute renal infarction. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(2), pp.164–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.06.010.

Jha, P. et al., 2016. Imaging of flank pain: readdressing state-of-the-art. Emergency Radiology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10140-016-1443-9.

Kalb, B. et al., 2010. Acute abdominal pain: Is there a potential role for MRI in the setting of the emergency department in a patient with renal calculi? Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32(5), pp.1012–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22337.

Raghavendran, M., Sarkar, M. & Kumar, K.G., 2016. “Isolated Spontaneous Renal Artery Thrombosis – A Rare Cause of Acute Flank Pain.” Urology Case Reports, 9, pp.4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2016.07.013.

Schulz, G.B., Beck, V., Apfelbeck, M., Grabbert, M., Tritschler, S. and Stief, C.G., 2016. Management of acute renal colic in the ambulatory care setting. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 158(17), p.43. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs15006-016-8776-x

Semins, M.J. et al., 2012. Evaluation of acute renal colic: a comparison of non-contrast CT versus 3-T non-contrast HASTE MR urography. Urolithiasis, 41(1), pp.43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-012-0525-8.

Retroperitoneal Tumors

Burkill, G.J.C. & Healy, J.C., 2000. Anatomy of the retroperitoneum. Imaging, 12(1), pp.10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/img.12.1.120010.

Osman, S. et al., 2013. A Comprehensive Review of the Retroperitoneal Anatomy, Neoplasms, and Pattern of Disease Spread. Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology, 42(5), pp.191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.02.001.

Wee-Stekly, W.-W. & Mueller, M.D., 2014. Retroperitoneal Tumors in the Pelvis: A Diagnostic Challenge in Gynecology. Frontiers in Surgery, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2014.00049.

Retropharyngeal Tendinitis

Artenian, D.J. et al., 1989. Acute neck pain due to tendonitis of the longus colli: CT and MRI findings. Neuroradiology, 31(2), pp.166–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00698847.

Harnier, S., Kuhn, J., Harzheim, A., Bewermeyer, H. and Limmroth, V., 2008. Retropharyngeal tendinitis: a rare differential diagnosis of severe headaches and neck pain. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 48(1), pp.158-161. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5973037_Retropharyngeal_Tendinitis_A_Rare_Differential_Diagnosis_of_Severe_Headaches_and_Neck_Pain

Urrutia, J. & Contreras, O., 2016. Calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition with intraosseous penetration involving the posterior aspect of the cervical spine: a previously unreported cause of neck pain. European Spine Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4731-x.

Zibis, A.H. et al., 2012. Acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle:case report and review of the literature. European Spine Journal, 22(S3), pp.434–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2584-5.

Reward, Motivation, Emotion and Pain

Beecher, H.K., 1951. EARLY CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY WOUNDED MAN. Journal of the American Medical Association, 145(4), p.193. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1951.02920220001001.

Craig, A., 2003. A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion. Trends in Neurosciences, 26(6), pp.303–307. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00123-1.

Fields, H.L., 1999. Pain: An unpleasant topic. Pain, 82, pp.S61–S69. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00139-6.

Fields, HL. 2006. A motivation-decision model of pain: The role of opioids. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Pain. pp449-459. Available at: http://www.worldcat.org/title/proceedings-of-the-11th-world-congress-on-pain/oclc/761210379/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true#%2528x0%253Abook%2Bx4%253Adigital%2529format

Baliki, M.N. et al., 2010. Predicting Value of Pain and Analgesia: Nucleus Accumbens Response to Noxious Stimuli Changes in the Presence of Chronic Pain. Neuron, 66(1), pp.149–160. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.002.

Apkarian, A.V., 2011. The brain in chronic pain: clinical implications. Pain Management, 1(6), pp.577–586. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt.11.53.

Peciña, S., Smith, K.S. & Berridge, K.C., 2006. Hedonic Hot Spots in the Brain. The Neuroscientist, 12(6), pp.500–511. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858406293154.

Berridge, K.C., 2004. Motivation concepts in behavioral neuroscience. Physiology & Behavior, 81(2), pp.179–209. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.004.

Bingel, U. et al., 2011. The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy: Imaging the Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil. Science Translational Medicine, 3(70), pp.70ra14–70ra14. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3001244.

Elvemo, N.A. et al., 2015. Reward responsiveness in patients with chronic pain. European Journal of Pain, 19(10), pp.1537–1543. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.687.

Navratilova, E. & Porreca, F., 2014. Reward and motivation in pain and pain relief. Nature Neuroscience, 17(10), pp.1304–1312. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3811.

Okun, A. et al., 2016. Hedonic and motivational responses to food reward are unchanged in rats with neuropathic pain. PAIN, 157(12), pp.2731–2738. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000695.

Rib Fracture

Battle, C.E., Hutchings, H. & Evans, P.A., 2012. Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury, 43(1), pp.8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.01.004.

Harris, S.R., 2016. Differentiating the Causes of Spontaneous Rib Fracture After Breast Cancer. Clinical Breast Cancer, 16(6), pp.431–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.001.

Right Colon Ischemia

Blumberg, S.N. & Maldonado, T.S., 2016. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 4(4), pp.501–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.04.002.

Brandt, L.J. et al., 2014. ACG Clinical Guideline: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Patterns of Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Colon Ischemia (CI). The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 110(1), pp.18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.395.

Dane, B., Clark, J. & Megibow, A., 2016. Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, p.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rct.0000000000000473.

Hmoud, B., Singal, A.K. & Kamath, P.S., 2014. Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 4(3), pp.257–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.052.

Longstreth, G.F, et al., 2015. Right-Side Colon Ischemia: Clinical Features, Large Visceral Artery Occlusion, and Long-Term Follow-Up. The Permanente Journal, 19 (4)1-16, http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/tpp/15-024.

Olson, M.M., Ilada, P.B. & Apelgren, K.N., 2003. Portal vein thrombosis. Surgical Endoscopy, 17(8), pp.1322–1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-002-4546-1.

Sotiriadis, J. et al., 2007. Ischemic Colitis Has a Worse Prognosis When Isolated to the Right Side of the Colon. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 102(10), pp.2247–2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01341.x.

Sciatic Nerve

Baumer, P. et al., 2015. Somatotopic fascicular organization of the human sciatic nerve demonstrated by MR neurography. Neurology, 84(17), pp.1782–1787. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001526.

Perez Carro, L., 2016. Deep gluteal space problems: piriformis syndrome, ischiofemoral impingement and sciatic nerve release. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2016.6.3.384.

Wolf, M. et al., 2014. Sciatic Nerve Injury Related to Hip Replacement Surgery: Imaging Detection by MR Neurography Despite Susceptibility Artifacts N. Weidner, ed. PLoS ONE, 9(2), p.e89154. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089154.

LI, Q. et al., 2016. Chronic sciatic nerve compression induces fibrosis in dorsal root ganglia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13(3), pp.2393–2400. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4810.

Martin, H.D. et al., 2016. Ischiofemoral Impingement and Hamstring Syndrome as Causes of Posterior Hip Pain. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 35(3), pp.469–486. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2016.02.010.

Kuncewicz, e., et al., 2006. Piriformis Muscle Syndrome. Ann Acad Med Stetin., 52(3), pp. 99-101. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385355

SCN9A Mutations

Emery, E.C. et al., 2015. Novel SCN9A Mutations Underlying Extreme Pain Phenotypes: Unexpected Electrophysiological and Clinical Phenotype Correlations. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(20), pp.7674–7681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3935-14.2015.

Goldberg, Y. et al., 2012. Human Mendelian pain disorders: a key to discovery and validation of novel analgesics. Clinical Genetics, 82(4), pp.367–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01942.x.

Kim, D.T. et al., 2015. Bilateral congenital corneal anesthesia in a patient with SCN9A mutation, confirmed primary erythromelalgia, and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 19(5), pp.478–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.05.015.

Klein, C.J. et al., 2012. Infrequent SCN9A mutations in congenital insensitivity to pain and erythromelalgia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84(4), pp.386–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303719.

Scoliosis

Albanese, S.A., 2002. “Idiopathic scoliosis: etiology and evaluation”, in P. Sponseller, Orthopedic Knowledge Update: Pediatrics 2, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL, pp.287–296. https://books.google.com/books/about/Orthopaedic_knowledge_update.html?id=t45sAAAAMAAJ

Faraj, S.S. et al., 2016. De novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a systematic review of prognostic factors for curve progression. European Spine Journal, 25(8), pp.2347–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4619-9

Mehta, V.A. et al., 2015. Implications of Spinopelvic Alignment for the Spine Surgeon. Neurosurgery, 76, pp.S42–S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000462077.50830.1a.

Moreau, A. et al., 2009. [Molecular and genetic aspects of idiopathic scoliosis. Blood test for idiopathic scoliosis]. Der Orthopade, 38(2), pp.114–6, 118–21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00132-008-1362-x.

Stokes, I.A.F. & Aronsson, D.D., 2001. Disc and Vertebral Wedging in Patients With Progressive Scoliosis. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 14(4), pp.317–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-200108000-00006.

Sexual Headache/Weight Lifter Headache

Pascual, J. et al., 1996. Cough, exertional, and sexual headaches: An analysis of 72 benign and symptomatic cases. Neurology, 46(6), pp.1520–1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.6.1520.

Powell, B., 1982. Weight Lifter's Cephalgia. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11(8), pp.449-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(82)80048-6

Simpson, M., 2016. Weightlifter's Headache. Practical Neurology, 16(3), pp.215-216. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2015-001227

Seizure Pain

Scholz, J., Vieregge, P. & Moser, A., 1999. Central pain as a manifestation of partial epileptic seizures. Pain, 80(1), pp.445–450. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00217-6.

Fanella, M. et al., 2015. Ictal epileptic headache in adult life: Electroclinical patterns and spectrum of related syndromes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 53, pp.161–165. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.10.018.

Cianchetti, C. et al., 2017. The complex interrelations between two paroxysmal disorders: headache and epilepsy. Neurological Sciences, 38(6), pp.941–948. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-2926-5.

Kim, D.W., Sunwoo, J.-S. & Lee, S.K., 2016. Headache as an Aura of Epilepsy: Video-EEG Monitoring Study. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 56(4), pp.762–768. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12754.

Fanella, M. et al., 2012. Ictal epileptic headache as “subtle” symptom in generalized idiopathic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 53(4), pp.e67–e70. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03387.x.

Yu, T, et al., 2017. Focal epilepsy with paroxysmal pain due to somatic injury. Epil Disorders 1;19(2), pp. 207-211. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652224

Cerminara, C. et al., 2013. Focal epilepsy with ictal abdominal pain: a case report. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 39(1), p.76. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-76.

Silent Sinus Syndrome

Ferro, A., Basyuni, S. & Santhanam, V., 2016. Not so silent sinus syndrome: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 23, pp.1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.04.001.

Martínez-Capoccioni, G., Varela-Martínez, E. & Martín-Martín, C., 2016. Silent sinus syndrome an acquired condition and the essential role of otorhinolaryngologist consultation: a retrospective study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 273(10), pp.3183–3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-3965-x.

Sinusitis

Kim, Y.K. et al., 2016. Extrasinonasal infiltrative process associated with a sinonasal fungus ball: does it mean invasive fungal sinusitis? Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 22(4), pp.347–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/dir.2015.15417.

Kim, Y.S. et al., 2012. CT and MR Imaging Findings of Sinonasal Schwannoma: A Review of 12 Cases. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 34(3), pp.628–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a3257.

Mazza, J.M. & Lin, S.Y., 2016. Primary immunodeficiency and recalcitrant chronic sinusitis: a systematic review. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 6(10), pp.1029–1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.21789

.

Simuntis, R., Kubilius, R. and Vaitkus, S., 2014. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a review. Stomatologija, 16(2), pp.39-43. http://sbdmj.lsmuni.lt/142/142-01.pdf

Thornton MA, Brown C. Up front about frontal headaches and sinusitis. Irish Medical Journal. 2009 Apr;102(4):120-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552295

Troeltzsch, Matthias et al., 2015. Etiology and clinical characteristics of symptomatic unilateral maxillary sinusitis: A review of 174 cases. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 43(8), pp.1522–1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.07.021.

Slipping Rib Syndrome

Turcios, N.L., 2016. Slipping Rib Syndrome: An elusive diagnosis. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2016.05.003.

Van Delft, E.A.K., van Pul, K.M. & Bloemers, F.W., 2016. The slipping rib syndrome: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 23, pp.23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.04.009.

Small Fiber Neuropathy: General

Themistocleous, A.C. et al., 2014. The clinical approach to small fibre neuropathy and painful channelopathy. Practical Neurology, 14(6), pp.368–379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2013-000758.

Small Fiber Neuropathy: Infectious Causes

Bennett, J.L. et al., 1996. Epstein-barr virus-associated acute autonomic neuropathy. Annals of Neurology, 40(3), pp.453–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410400316.

Makonahalli, R., Seneviratne, J. & Seneviratne, U., 2014. Acute Small Fiber Neuropathy Following Mycoplasma Infection. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease, 15(4), pp.147–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnd.0000000000000031.

Nolano, M. et al., 2013. Small fiber neuropathy in the chronic phase of Chagas disease: a case report. Clinical Autonomic Research, 23(3), pp.149–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0189-7.

Suarez, G.A. et al., 1994. Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy: Clinical, neurophysiologie, and follow-up studies on 27 patients. Neurology, 44(9), pp.1675–1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.44.9.1675.

Zheng, Z.-M. et al., 1992. Further characterization of the biological and pathogenic properties of erythromelalgia-related poxviruses. Journal of General Virology, 73(8), pp.2011–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2011.

Small Fiber Painful Neuropathy: General

Devigili, G. et al., 2008. The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain, 131(7), pp.1912–1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn093.

Faber, C.G. et al., 2011. Gain of function NaV1.7 mutations in idiopathic small fiber neuropathy. Annals of Neurology, 71(1), pp.26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.22485.

Lauria, G. et al., 2010. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the distal leg: a worldwide normative reference study. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 15(3), pp.202–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8027.2010.00271.x.

Themistocleous, A.C. et al., 2014. The clinical approach to small fibre neuropathy and painful channelopathy. Practical Neurology, 14(6), pp.368–379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2013-000758.

Waxman, S.G., 2013. Painful Na-channelopathies: an expanding universe. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 19(7), pp.406–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2013.04.003.

Small Nerve Fiber Pathology in Critical Illness

Latronico, N. et al., 2013. Small Nerve Fiber Pathology in Critical Illness S. Barnes, ed. PLoS ONE, 8(9), p.e75696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075696.

Small Nerve Fibers: Small Hands and Feet

Hoeijmakers, J.G.J. et al., 2012. Small nerve fibres, small hands and small feet: a new syndrome of pain, dysautonomia and acromesomelia in a kindred with a novel NaV1.7 mutation. Brain, 135(2), pp.345–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr349

Small-fiber Neuropathy: Idiopathic

Dabby, R. et al., 2007. Evaluation of cutaneous autonomic innervation in idiopathic sensory small-fiber neuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 12(2), pp.98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8027.2007.00128.x.

Hovaguimian, A. & Gibbons, C.H., 2011. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain in Small-fiber Neuropathy. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 15(3), pp.193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-011-0181-7.

Tavee, J. & Zhou, L., 2009. Small fiber neuropathy: A burning problem. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76(5), pp.297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.76a.08070.

Sodium Channels

Black, J.A. et al., 2008. Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas. Annals of Neurology, 64(6), pp.644–653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.21527.

Cox, J.J. et al., 2006. An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature, 444(7121), pp.894–898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05413.

Cummins, T.R., 2004. Electrophysiological Properties of Mutant Nav1.7 Sodium Channels in a Painful Inherited Neuropathy. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(38), pp.8232–8236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2695-04.2004.

Dib-Hajj, S.D. et al., 2012. The NaV1.7 sodium channel: from molecule to man. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(1), pp.49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3404.

Dib-Hajj, S.D., 2005. Gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.7 in familial erythromelalgia induces bursting of sensory neurons. Brain, 128(8), pp.1847–1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh514.

Faber, C.G. et al., 2011. Gain of function NaV1.7 mutations in idiopathic small fiber neuropathy. Annals of Neurology, 71(1), pp.26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.22485.

Faber, C.G. et al., 2012. Gain-of-function Nav1.8 mutations in painful neuropathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(47), pp.19444–19449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216080109.

Fertleman, C.R. et al., 2006. SCN9A Mutations in Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder: Allelic Variants Underlie Distinct Channel Defects and Phenotypes. Neuron, 52(5), pp.767–774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.10.006.

Waxman, S.G. et al., 1999. Sodium channels and pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(14), pp.7635–7639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.14.7635.

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Overland, J. et al., 2016. Surgical anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve: review of the literature and case report of a rare anatomical variant. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 130(10), pp.969–972. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116008148.

Lanišnik, B., 2017. Different branching patterns of the spinal accessory nerve. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 25(2), pp.113–118. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/moo.0000000000000342.

Axibal, E. et al., 2017. Neuropraxia of the Spinal Accessory Nerve After Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Dermatologic Surgery, 43(9), pp.1192–1195. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001185.

Spina Bifida

Donnan, J. et al., 2016. A systematic review of the risks factors associated with the onset and natural progression of spina bifida. NeuroToxicology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.008.

Liu, J.S. et al., 2016. A snapshot of the adult spina bifida patient – high incidence of urologic procedures. Central European Journal of Urology, 69(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.5173/ceju.2016.596.

Northrup, H. & Volcik, K.A., 2000. Spina bifida and other neural tube defects. Current Problems in Pediatrics, 30(10), pp.317–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpp.2000.112052.

Spinal Cord Injury

Ahmed, M.M. et al., 2014. Pathogenesis of spinal cord injury induced edema and neuropathic pain: expression of multiple isoforms of wnk1. Annals of Neurosciences, 21(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210305.

Hagen, E.M. & Rekand, T., 2015. Management of Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury. Pain and Therapy, 4(1), pp.51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40122-015-0033-y.

Ledbetter, L.N. et al., 2016. Spinal Neuroarthropathy: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Imaging Features, and Differential Diagnosis. RadioGraphics, 36(3), pp.783–799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.2016150121.

Lee, H.K. et al., 2014. Persistent phosphorylation of NKCC1 and WNK1 in the epicenter of the spinal cord following contusion injury. The Spine Journal, 14(5), pp.777–781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.06.100.

Spleen

Asgari, M.M. and Begos, D.G., 1997. Spontaneous splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis: a review. The Yale journal of Biology and Medicine, 70(2), p.175. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589064/

Ben Ely, A. et al., 2006. The wandering spleen: CT findings and possible pitfalls in diagnosis. Clinical Radiology, 61(11), pp.954–958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2006.06.007.

Ingle, S.B., 2014. Epithelial cysts of the spleen: A minireview. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(38), p.13899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13899.

Spondylolisthesis

DeWald, C.J. et al., 2005. Evaluation and Management of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis in Adults. Spine, 30(Supplement), pp.S49–S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000155573.34179.7e.

Matz, P.G. et al., 2016. Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. The Spine Journal, 16(3), pp.439–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.11.055.

Patel, A.J. et al., 2013. Congenital hypoplasia or aplasia of the lumbosacral pedicle as an unusual cause of spondylolisthesis in the pediatric age group. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 11(6), pp.717–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.peds12579.

Ploumis, A., Hantzidis, P. and Dimitriou, C., 2005. High-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis and spondyloptosis: report of three cases with surgical treatment and review of the literature. Acta orthopaedica belgica, 71(6), p.750. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459872

Stone, A.T. & Tribus, C.B., 2002. Acute Progression of Spondylolysis to Isthmic Spondylolisthesis in an Adult. Spine, 27(16), pp.E370–E372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200208150-00023.

Thakar, S. et al., 2016. Lumbar paraspinal muscle morphometry and its correlations with demographic and radiological factors in adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a retrospective review of 120 surgically managed cases. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 24(5), pp.679–685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.9.spine15705.

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

Balkan, I.I. et al., 2012. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome may mimic aseptic meningitis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 44(7), pp.481–488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2012.664776.

Ferrante, E. et al., 2004. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome: Report of Twelve Cases. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 44(6), pp.615–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.446012.x.

Karm, M.-H. et al., 2016. Predictors of the Treatment Response of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension to an Epidural Blood Patch. Medicine, 95(18), p.e3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000003578.

Mokri, B., 2013. Spontaneous Low Pressure, Low CSF Volume Headaches: Spontaneous CSF Leaks. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 53(7), pp.1034–1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12149.

Sterno-Clavicular Hyperostosis

Carroll, M.B., 2011. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: a review. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2011 Apr; 3(2): 101–110. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3382681/

Kuroda, T., Ehara, S. & Murakami, H., 2005. Stress fracture of the clavicle associated with sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. Skeletal Radiology, 34(7), pp.424–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-004-0885-4.

Saghafi, M., Henderson, M.J. & Buchanan, W.W., 1993. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 22(4), pp.215–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-0172(93)80070-v.

Subdural Hematoma

Adhiyaman, V., 2002. Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 78(916), pp.71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pmj.78.916.71.

De Noronha, R.J., 2003. Subdural haematoma: a potentially serious consequence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(6), pp.752–755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.6.752.

Jacome, D.E. & Yanez, G.F., 1989. Subdural haematoma upon straining. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 52(1), pp.134–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.52.1.134.

Jokonya, L. et al., 2016. Spontaneous chronic subdural hematomas in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with normal platelet count and no appreciable brain atrophy: Two case reports and review of literature. Surgical Neurology International, 7(16), p.437. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.183543.

Mori, K. & Maeda, M., 2003. Risk factors for the occurrence of chronic subdural haematomas after neurosurgical procedures. Acta Neurochirurgica, 145(7), pp.533–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-003-0026-1.

SUNCT/SUNA

Baldacci, F. et al., 2009. SUNA Syndrome With Seasonal Pattern. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 49(6), pp.912–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01401.x.

Chitsantikul, P. & Becker, W.J., 2012. SUNCT, SUNA and pituitary tumors: Clinical characteristics and treatment. Cephalalgia, 33(3), pp.160–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102412468672.

Jin, D., Lian, Y.-J. & Zhang, H.-F., 2016. Secondary SUNCT syndrome caused by dorsolateral medullary infarction. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0604-2.

Pareja, J.A. & Cuadrado, M.L., 2005. SUNCT syndrome: an update. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 6(4), pp.591–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.6.4.591.

Pareja, J.A. et al., 1996. SUNCT Syndrome: Duration, Frequency, and Temporal Distribution of Attacks. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 36(3), pp.161–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3603161.x.

Supra and Infraclavicular Nerves

Kiser, C., Hill, B. & Skedros, J., 2015. Florid Suprascapular Neuropathy after Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Attributed to Suprascapular Notch Constriction in the Setting of Double Crush Syndrome. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, 10(01), pp.e66–e73. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1567807.

Ishimaru, D. et al., 2017. Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Caused by Protrusion of an Intraosseous Ganglion of the Glenoid into the Spinoglenoid Notch: A Rare Cause of Posterior Shoulder Pain. Case Reports in Orthopedics, 2017, pp.1–5. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1704697.

Kiss, G. & Kómár, J., 1990. Suprascapular nerve compression at the spinoglenoid notch. Muscle & Nerve, 13(6), pp.556–557. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.880130614.

Superior/Inferior Gluteal Nerves

Mondelli, M. et al., 2008. Mononeuropathies of inferior and superior gluteal nerves due to hypertrophy of piriformis muscle in a basketball player. Muscle & Nerve, 38(6), pp.1660–1662. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.21139.

Chomiak, J. et al., 2015. Lesion of gluteal nerves and muscles in total hip arthroplasty through 3 surgical approaches. An electromyographically controlled study. Hip International, 25(2), pp.176–183. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000199.

J Butz, J., V Raman, D. & Viswanath, S., 2015. A UNIQUE CASE OF BILATERAL SCIATIC NERVE VARIATION. Australasian Medical Journal, 08(01). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21767/amj.2015.2266.

Florian-Rodriguez, M.E. et al., 2016. Inferior gluteal and other nerves associated with sacrospinous ligament: a cadaver study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 215(5), pp.646.e1–646.e6. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.06.025.

Abitbol, J.J. et al., 1990. Gluteal nerve damage following total hip arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 5(4), pp.319–322. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-5403(08)80090-3

Superior Cornu of the Thyroid Cartilage

Wojtowicz, P. et al., 2015. Extended Superior Cornu of Thyroid Cartilage Causing Dysphagia and Throat Pain. Journal of Medical Cases, 6(3), pp.134–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2043w.

Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia

Aydin, O., Ozturk, M. & Anik, Y., 2007. Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia After Acute Laryngitis and Treatment With a Single Injection of a Local Anesthetic. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 133(9), p.934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.133.9.934.

Baugh, R.F., Baugh, A. & Bunge, F., 2012. Superior laryngeal nerve syndrome and the evaluation of anterior neck pain. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 33(4), pp.481–483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2011.10.018.

O’Neill, B.P. et al., 1982. Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia: Carotidynia or Just Another Pain in the Neck? Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 22(1), pp.6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1982.hed2201006.x.

Teymoortash A. et al. 2007. Function and dysfunction of the superior laryngeal nerve. HNO. 56(9), pp 889-894 Sep;56(9):889-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-007-1595-8

Sural Nerve

Kim, K.H., Park, B.K. & Kim, D.H., 2016. A case of lateral calcaneal neuropathy: Lateral heel pain. Muscle & Nerve, 54(4), pp.801–804. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25188.

Paraskevas, G.K. et al., 2014. Fascial entrapment of the sural nerve and its clinical relevance. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 47(2), p.144. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2014.47.2.144.

Suramin

Liu, N. & Zhuang, S., 2011. Tissue Protective and Anti-Fibrotic Actions of Suramin: New Uses of an Old Drug. Current Clinical Pharmacology, 6(2), pp.137–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488411796151174.

Russell, J.W. et al., 2001. Suramin-induced neuropathy in an animal model. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 192(1-2), pp.71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00633-5.

Surgical Nerve Root Injury

Choi, I. et al., 2013. Exiting root injury in transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: preoperative image considerations for safety. European Spine Journal, 22(11), pp.2481–2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2849-7.

Epstein, N., 2016. More nerve root injuries occur with minimally invasive lumbar surgery: Let′s tell someone. Surgical Neurology International, 7(4), p.96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.174896.

Evaniew, N. et al., 2014. Minimally invasive versus open surgery for cervical and lumbar discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ Open, 2(4), pp.E295–E305. http://dx.doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20140048.

Surgically Induced Neuropathic Pain

Borsook, D. et al., 2013. Surgically Induced Neuropathic Pain. Annals of Surgery, 257(3), pp.403–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0b013e3182701a7b.

Celestin, J., Edwards, R.R. & Jamison, R.N., 2009. Pretreatment Psychosocial Variables as Predictors of Outcomes Following Lumbar Surgery and Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Literature Synthesis. Pain Medicine, 10(4), pp.639–653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00632.x.

Papaioannou, M. et al., 2009. The Role of Catastrophizing in the Prediction of Postoperative Pain. Pain Medicine, 10(8), pp.1452–1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00730.x.

Synovial Cysts

Boviatsis, E.J. et al., 2008. Spinal synovial cysts: pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical treatment in a series of seven cases and literature review. European Spine Journal, 17(6), pp.831–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-007-0563-z.

Scholz, C. et al., 2015. Incomplete resection of lumbar synovial cysts – Evaluating the risk of recurrence. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 136, pp.29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.05.028.

Syphilis

Castro, R. et al., 2016. Detection ofTreponema pallidumSp.PallidumDNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by Two PCR Techniques. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 30(5), pp.628–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.21913

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Salamano, R. et al., 2016. Cerebrospinal fluid examination may be useful in diagnosing neurosyphilis in asymptomatic HIV+ patients with syphilis. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 74(2), pp.128–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160016.

Zhang, Y.-Q. et al., 2015. A Clinical Study of New Cases of Parenchymal Neurosyphilis: Has Tabes Dorsalis Disappeared or Been Missed? The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 27(1), pp.e17–e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13100303.

Syrinx

Chakraborty, P.P., 2015. Unilateral neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia: Diagnostic challenges. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 3(12), p.1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v3.i12.1017.

Chang, H.S., 2003. Hypothesis on the pathophysiology of syringomyelia based on simulation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(3), pp.344–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.3.344.

Kennedy, B.C. et al., 2016. Isolated thoracic syrinx in children with Chiari I malformation. Child’s Nervous System, 32(3), pp.531–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-015-3009-7.

Klekamp, J. & Samii, M., 2002. The Pathophysiology of Syringomyelia. Syringomyelia, pp.17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56023-1_2.

Klekamp, J., 2002. The pathophysiology of syringomyelia–historical overview and current concept. Acta neurochirurgica, 144(7), pp.649-664 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/12181698/

Koyanagi, I. et al., 2005. Clinical features and pathomechanisms of syringomyelia associated with spinal arachnoiditis. Surgical Neurology, 63(4), pp.350–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2004.05.038.

Tangier Disease

Kolovou, G. et al., 2006. Tangier Disease Four Decades of Research: A Reflection of the Importance of HDL. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13(7), pp.771–782. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055580.

Pietrini, V. et al., 2009. Neuropathy in Tangier disease: A clinicopathologic study and a review of the literature. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 72(5), pp.495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00907.x.

Puntoni, M. et al., 2012. Tangier Disease. American Journal Cardiovascular Drugs, 12(5), pp.303–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11634140-000000000-00000.

Tarsal Tunnel

McSweeney, S.C. & Cichero, M., 2015. Tarsal tunnel syndrome—A narrative literature review. The Foot, 25(4), pp.244–250. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2015.08.008.

Doneddu, P.E. et al., 2017. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: still more opinions than evidence. Status of the art. Neurological Sciences, 38(10), pp.1735–1739. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-3039-x.

Kosiyatrakul, A., Luenam, S. & Phisitkul, P., 2015. Tarsal tunnel syndrome associated with a perforating branch from posterior tibial artery: A case report. Foot and Ankle Surgery, 21(1), pp.e21–e22. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2014.09.003.

Taxanes

Fernandes, R. et al., 2015. Treatment of taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) in cancer patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy—a systematic review. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(4), pp.1583–1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2941-0.

Florian, S. & Mitchison, T.J., 2016. Anti-Microtubule Drugs. The Mitotic Spindle, pp.403–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3542-0_25.

Hagiwara, H. & Sunada, Y., 2004. Mechanism of taxane neurotoxicity. Breast Cancer, 11(1), pp.82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02968008.

Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome

Bavia, P.F. & Rodrigues Garcia, R.C.M., 2016. Vertical Craniofacial Morphology and its Relation to Temporomandibular Disorders. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Research, 7(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5037/jomr.2016.7206.

Kumar, R. et al., 2015. Correlation Between Clinical Findings of Temporomandibular Disorders and MRI Characteristics of Disc Displacement. The Open Dentistry Journal, 9(Suppl 2: M4), pp.273–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601509010273.

Litko, M. et al., 2016. Correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle attachment type and temporomandibular joint disc position in magnetic resonance imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 45(8), p.20160229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20160229.

Slade, G.D. et al., 2016. Painful Temporomandibular Disorder. Journal of Dental Research, 95(10), pp.1084–1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653743.

Vogl, T.J. et al., 2016. The value of MRI in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction: Correlation of MRI and clinical findings. European Journal of Radiology, 85(4), pp.714–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.02.001.

Thalidomide

Nicotra, A. et al., 2016. Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction in Middle-Aged Subjects Born with Thalidomide Embryopathy G. Biagini, ed. PLOS ONE, 11(4), p.e0152902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152902.

Wang, J. et al., 2016. Low serum vitamin D occurs commonly among multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib and/or thalidomide and is associated with severe neuropathy. Supportive Care in Cancer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3126-1.

Zhao, L. et al., 2015. High-dose thalidomide increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Neural Regeneration Research, 10(5), p.814. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.156988.

Thallium

Kuo, H.-C. et al., 2005. Acute painful neuropathy in thallium poisoning. Neurology, 65(2), pp.302–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000169021.26172.f8.

Labauge, R., Tourniaire, D., Favier, J.P. and Blard, J.M., 1990. [Recurrent peripheral neuropathy caused by thallium poisoning]. Revue neurologique, 147(4), pp.317-319. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063083

Pelclova, D. et al., 2009. Two-year follow-up of two patients after severe thallium intoxication. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 28(5), pp.263–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109106487.

Third Occipital Nerve

Govind, J., 2003. Radiofrequency neurotomy for the treatment of third occipital headache. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(1), pp.88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.1.88.

Tubbs, R.S. et al., 2011. Anatomical study of the third occipital nerve and its potential role in occipital headache/neck pain following midline dissections of the craniocervical junction. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 15(1), pp.71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.3.spine10854.

Thoracic Disc

Arce, C.A. and Dohrmann, G.J., 1985. Herniated thoracic disks. Neurologic clinics, 3(2), pp.383-392. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3894922

Epstein NE, Epstein JA, Rosenthal AD. Thoracic disc disease. Dee R, ed. Principles of Orthopedic Practice. New York , NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 1989. Vol 2: 991-7.

Kato, K. et al., 2016. Unusual chest wall pain caused by thoracic disc herniation in a professional baseball pitcher. Fukushima J Med Sci 62(1), pp.64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5387/fms.2015-25.

Lee, J.G. et al., 2016. Clinical Features of Herniated Disc at Cervicothoracic Junction Level Treated by Anterior Approach. Korean Journal of Spine, 13(2), p.53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2016.13.2.53.

Luney, M., Adiamah, A. & Pearson, L., 2016. Thoracic spondylodiscitis presenting as abdominal pain. BMJ Case Reports, p.bcr2015213846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-213846.

Nannapaneni, R. & Marks, S., 2004. Posterolateral thoracic disc disease: clinical presentation and surgical experience with a modified approach. British Journal of Neurosurgery, 18(5), pp.467–470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688690400012335.

Sandon, L.H.D. et al., 2016. Abducens nerve palsy as a postoperative complication of minimally invasive thoracic spine surgery: a case report. BMC Surgery, 16(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12893-016-0162-1.

Thoracic Outlet Surgery

Desai, S.S. et al., 2014. Outcomes of Surgical Paraclavicular Thoracic Outlet Decompression. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 28(2), pp.457–464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2013.02.029.

Luginbuhl, A. et al., 2011. Detection of evolving injury to the brachial plexus during transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy. The Laryngoscope, 122(1), pp.110–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.22429.

Orlando, M.S. et al., 2015. A Decade of Excellent Outcomes after Surgical Intervention in 538 Patients with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 220(5), pp.934–939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.046.

Sanders, R.J. & Annest, S.J., 2015. Technique of supraclavicular decompression for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 61(3), pp.821–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.047

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Chang, K.Z. et al., 2013. The significance of cervical ribs in thoracic outlet syndrome. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 57(3), pp.771–775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.08.110.

Hines, K. et al., 2014. The Rare Case of Cervical Rib Fusion to the Second Rib. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 28(3), pp.742.e5–742.e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2013.05.016.

Kim, D.H. et al., 2004. Infraclavicular brachial plexus stretch injury. Neurosurgical FOCUS, 16(5), pp.1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.5.

Klaassen, Z. et al., 2013. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A neurological and vascular disorder. Clinical Anatomy, 27(5), pp.724–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22271.

Leonhard, V. et al., 2016. Anatomical variations in the brachial plexus roots: implications for diagnosis of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, 206, pp.21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2016.03.011.

Likes, K. et al., 2014. Coexistence of Arterial Compression in Patients With Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. JAMA Surgery, 149(12), p.1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2014.280.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Vascular

Aralasmak, A. et al., 2012. MRI findings in thoracic outlet syndrome. Skeletal Radiology, 41(11), pp.1365–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-012-1485-3.

Klaassen, Z. et al., 2013. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A neurological and vascular disorder. Clinical Anatomy, 27(5), pp.724–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22271.

Tibialis Nerve

Del Río-Gonzalez, S. et al., 2017. Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Clinical Effectiveness, Urodynamic, and Durability Evaluation. Urology, 108, pp.52–58. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.04.059.

Shin, Y.-S., Sim, H.-B. & Yoon, J.-R., 2017. Tibial nerve neuropathy following medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy—case report of a rare technical complication. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 27(4), pp.563–567. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-1944-6.

Kohira, I, et al., 2003. Entrapment neuropathy of the tibial nerve by a Baker's cyst: case report. Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 43(3):130-2. Abstract available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12820564 Article in Japanese.

Wu, C. et al., 2016. Assessment of tibial and common peroneal nerves in diabetic peripheral neuropathy by diffusion tensor imaging: a case control study. European Radiology, 27(8), pp.3523–3531. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4698-3.

Vaeggemose, M. et al., 2017. Magnetic Resonance Neurography Visualizes Abnormalities in Sciatic and Tibial Nerves in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Neuropathy. Diabetes, 66(7), pp.1779–1788. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db16-1049

Vasculitic Neuropathy

Blaes, F., 2015. Diagnosis and therapeutic options for peripheral vasculitic neuropathy. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 7(2), pp.45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x14566617.

Blaes, F., 2015. Diagnosis and therapeutic options for peripheral vasculitic neuropathy. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 7(2), pp.45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x14566617.

Damoiseaux, J. & Cohen Tervaert, J.W., 2013. Diagnostics and Treatment of Cryoglobulinaemia: It Takes Two to Tango. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 47(3), pp.299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-013-8390-y.

Schaublin, G.A. et al., 2005. An update on the classification and treatment of vasculitic neuropathy. The Lancet Neurology, 4(12), pp.853–865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70249-0.

Schaublin, G.A. et al., 2005. An update on the classification and treatment of vasculitic neuropathy. The Lancet Neurology, 4(12), pp.853–865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70249-0.

Vital, C. et al., 2006. Combined nerve and muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy. A 16-year retrospective study of 202 cases. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 11(1), pp.20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1085-9489.2006.00060.x.

Vital, C. et al., 2006. Combined nerve and muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy. A 16-year retrospective study of 202 cases. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 11(1), pp.20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1085-9489.2006.00060.x.

Thyroid Cartilage Mastoid Process

Aydil, U., Kizil, Y. & Köybaşioğlu, A., 2011. Less known non-infectious and neuromusculoskeletal system-originated anterolateral neck and craniofacial pain disorders. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 269(1), pp.9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-011-1746-0.

Hefer, T. & Joachims, H., 1997. CO laser repair of permanent tracheostomy stricture. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 117(3), pp.276–279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70186-4.

Tietze’s Syndrome

Gunal, N. et al., 2015. Painful Chest Wall Swellings: Tietze Syndrome or Chest Wall Tumor? The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 64(03), pp.239–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1545261.

Nowicki, J.L., Dean, N.R. & Watson, D.I., 2016. A Case Report of Candida albicans Costochondritis after a Complicated Esophagectomy. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 4(1), p.e608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000599.

Volterroni L. et al. 2008. Magnetic resonance imaging in Tietze’s Syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 26(5), pp. 848-853. http://www.clinexprheumatol.org/article.asp?a=3496

Transthyretin-Related Amyloidosis

Adams, D. et al., 2016. First European consensus for diagnosis, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Current Opinion in Neurology, 29, pp.S14–S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000289

Adams, D., Lozeron, P. & Lacroix, C., 2012. Amyloid neuropathies. Current Opinion in Neurology, 25(5), pp.564–572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e328357bdf6.

Conceição, I. et al., 2016. “Red-flag” symptom clusters in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 21(1), pp.5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jns.12153

Dohrn, M.F. et al., 2013. Diagnostic hallmarks and pitfalls in late-onset progressive transthyretin-related amyloid-neuropathy. Journal of Neurology, 260(12), pp.3093–3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-7124-7

Obici, L. et al., 2016. Recommendations for presymptomatic genetic testing and management of individuals at risk for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Current Opinion in Neurology, 29, pp.S27–S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000290

Schmidt, H.H.-J. et al., 2016. Management of asymptomatic gene carriers of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Muscle & Nerve, 54(3), pp.353–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25210

Transverse Colli

Sakamoto, Y., 2012. Spatial relationships between the morphologies and innervations of the scalene and anterior vertebral muscles. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, 194(4), pp.381–388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2011.11.004

Transverse Myelitis

Nichtweiß, M. & Weidauer, S., 2015. Differential Diagnosis of Acute Myelopathies: An Update. Clinical Neuroradiology, 25(S2), pp.183–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00062-015-0401-3

Pereira, W.L. de C.J. et al., 2015. Epidemiological, clinical, and immunological characteristics of neuromyelitis optica: A review. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 355(1-2), pp.7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.034

Sá, M.J., 2009. Acute transverse myelitis: A practical reappraisal. Autoimmunity Reviews, 9(2), pp.128–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2009.04.005.

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia (General)

Benoliel, R., 2012. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. British Journal of Pain, 6(3), pp.106–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463712456355

Larner, A.J., 2008. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: frequency in a general neurology clinic setting. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 9(5), pp.325–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-008-0053-7

Wilbrink, L.A. et al., 2009. Neuroimaging in trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: when, how, and of what? Current Opinion in Neurology, 22(3), pp.247–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32832b4bb3

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Arrese, I. & Sarabia, R., 2016. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Case report, literature review, and pooled case analysis. Neurocirugía, 27(6), pp.304–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2016.05.003

Cruccu, G. et al., 2016. Trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology, 87(2), pp.220–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002840

KJ Burchiel. , 1993. Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain.Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 58, 145-149. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/8109278/

Kumar, S., Rastogi, S., Mahendra, P., Bansal, M. and Chandra, L., 2013. Pain in trigeminal neuralgia: neurophysiology and measurement: a comprehensive review. Journal of medicine and life, 6(4), p.383. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973876/

Thieme, V., 2016. [Orofacial pain-Trigeminal neuralgia and posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy: Common features and differences]. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 30(1), pp.99-117. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/26815785 (German)

Yuan, Y. et al., 2016. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by brain arteriovenous malformations: A case report and literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3277

Tumor of Thoracic Boots

Hsu, C.C., Huang, T.W., Hsu, J.Y., Shin, N. and Chang, H., 2013. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the chest wall associated with neurofibromatosis: a case report. Journal of thoracic disease, 5(3), pp.E78-E82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825788

Li, B. and Chen, Q., 2015. Melanotic schwannoma of thoracic spinal root mimics metastatic melanoma: A potential pitfall for misdiagnosis. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 8(7), p.8639-41 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339449

Moscovici, S. et al., 2011. Intradural Extramedullary Hemangiopericytoma of the Thoracic Spine Infiltrating a Nerve Root. Spine, 36(23), pp.E1534–E1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e31822dddf4

Solero, C.L. et al., 1989. Spinal Meningiomas: Review of 174 Operated Cases. Neurosurgery, 25(2), pp.153–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198908000-00001

Swanson, P.E., Scheithauer, B.W. and Wick, M.R., 1995. Peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms. Clinicopathologic and immunochemical observations. Pathology annual, 30, pp.1-82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8570272

Ulnar Nerve

Podnar, S., Omejec, G. & Bodor, M., 2017. Nerve conduction velocity and cross-sectional area in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Muscle & Nerve. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.25655.

Osei, D.A. et al., 2016. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Incidence and Demographics in a National Administrative Database. Neurosurgery, 80(3), pp.417–420. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyw061.

Syed,J. et al., 2017. Intra-articular Entrapment of Medial Epicondyle Fracture Fragment in Elbow Joint Dislocation Causing Ulnar Neuropraxia: A Case Report. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal, 11(1), pp.82–84. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5704/moj.1703.016.

Fadel, M. et al., 2017. Occupational prognosis factors for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow: A systematic review. Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation, 36(4), pp.244–249. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2017.03.004.

James, J. et al., 2011. Morphology of the Cubital Tunnel: An Anatomical and Biomechanical Study With Implications for Treatment of Ulnar Nerve Compression. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 36(12), pp.1988–1995. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.09.014.

Michelin, P. et al., 2017. Ultrasound biomechanical anatomy of the soft structures in relation to the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel of the elbow. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 39(11), pp.1215–1221. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1879-y.

Capitani, D. & Beer, S., 2002. Handlebar palsy - a compression syndrome of the deep terminal (motor) branch of the ulnar nerve in biking. Journal of Neurology, 249(10), pp.1441–1445. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-002-0864-4.

Root, C.G. et al., 2013. Anatomical Relationships and Branching Patterns of the Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of the Ulnar Nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 38(6), pp.1131–1136. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.03.016.

Jung, H.S., Lee, Y.B. & Lee, J.S., 2016. The Anatomical Relationship Between the Dorsal Cutaneous Branch of the Ulnar Nerve and the Ulnar Styloid Process with Variations in Forearm Position. The Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume), 21(01), pp.64–67. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516500090.

Poublon, A.R. et al., 2016. Anatomical study of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve (DCBUN) and its clinical relevance in TFCC repair. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 69(7), pp.983–987. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2016.02.002.

Naik, A.A. et al., 2016. Risk of Injury to the Dorsal Sensory Branch of the Ulnar Nerve With Percutaneous Pinning of Ulnar-Sided Structures. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41(7), pp.e159–e163. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.04.008.

Kakinuma, K. et al., 2010. Progressive cerebral infraction initially presenting with pseudo-ulnar nerve palsy in a patient with severe internal carotid artery stenosis. Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 50(9), pp.666–668. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.50.666.

Ueno, T. et al., 2012. Ulnar Nerve Palsy–like Motor and Sensory Loss Caused by a Small Cortical Infarct. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 21(8), pp.903.e3–903.e4. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.02.008

Urethritis

Bachmann, L.H. et al., 2015. Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Male Urethritis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61(suppl 8), pp.S763–S769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ755

Cunningham, K.A. & Beagley, K.W., 2008. Male Genital Tract Chlamydial Infection: Implications for Pathology and Infertility. Biology of Reproduction, 79(2), pp.180–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.108.067835

Gillespie, C.W. et al., 2013. Asymptomatic Urethritis Is Common and Is Associated With Characteristics That Suggest Sexually Transmitted Etiology. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40(3), pp.271–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e31827c9e42

Urinary Tract Infection (General)

Garcia-Roig, M.L. & Kirsch, A.J., 2016. Urinary tract infection in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux. F1000Research, 5, p.1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8390.1

McLellan, L.K. & Hunstad, D.A., 2016. Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 22(11), pp.946–957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.003

Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids)

Garg, K. et al., 2011. Morphologic Features of Uterine Leiomyomas Associated With Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 35(8), pp.1235–1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e318223ca01

Hodge, J.C. & Morton, C.C., 2007. Genetic heterogeneity among uterine leiomyomata: insights into malignant progression. Human Molecular Genetics, 16(R1), pp.R7–R13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm043

Wallach, E.E. & Vlahos, N.F., 2004. Uterine Myomas: An Overview of Development, Clinical Features, and Management. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 104(2), pp.393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000136079.62513.39.

Uterine Cancer

Del Carmen, M.G., Birrer, M. & Schorge, J.O., 2012. Uterine papillary serous cancer: A review of the literature. Gynecologic Oncology, 127(3), pp.651–661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.09.012.

Kasuya, G. et al., 2013. Distribution patterns of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes assessed by CT/MRI in patients with uterine cervical cancer. Radiation Oncology, 8(1), p.139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1748-717x-8-139.

Pritts, E.A. et al., 2015. The prevalence of occult leiomyosarcoma at surgery for presumed uterine fibroids: a meta-analysis. Gynecological Surgery, 12(3), pp.165–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10397-015-0894-4.

Raine-Bennett, T. et al., 2016. Occult Uterine Sarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 127(1), pp.29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000001187

Soliman, P.T. et al., 2005. Risk Factors for Young Premenopausal Women With Endometrial Cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105(3), pp.575–580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000154151.14516.f7.

Walsh, C. et al., 2005. Coexisting Ovarian Malignancy in Young Women With Endometrial Cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 106(4), pp.693–699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000172423.64995.6f

Vascular Claudication

McGrae McDermott, M. et al., 2001. Leg Symptoms in Peripheral Arterial Disease. JAMA, 286(13), p.1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.13.1599.

Nehler, M.R. et al., 2014. Epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia in an insured national population. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 60(3), pp.686–695.e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.03.290

Pranteda, C. et al., 2016. Simultaneous Open Surgical Treatment of Aortic Coral Reef and Leriche Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 32, pp.133.e1–133.e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2015.11.003

Rosenberg, G.D. & Killewich, L.A., 1995. Blue Toe Syndrome From a “Coral Reef” Aorta. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 9(6), pp.561–564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02018830

Teraa, M. et al., 2016. Critical Limb Ischemia: Current Trends and Future Directions. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(2), p.e002938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/jaha.115.002938.

Varu, V.N., Hogg, M.E. & Kibbe, M.R., 2010. Critical limb ischemia. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 51(1), pp.230–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.073.

Wooten, C. et al., 2014. Anatomical significance in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Clinical Anatomy, 27(8), pp.1264–1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22444.

Vascular Injury during Disc Repair

Luan, J.Y. & Li, X., 2012. A Misdiagnosed Iliac Pseudoaneurysm Complicated Lumbar Disc Surgery Performed 13 Years Ago. Spine, 37(25), pp.E1594–E1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e318272fd3d.

Sağdiç, K., Ozer, Z.G., Senkaya, I. and Türe, M., 1996. Vascular injury during lumbar disc surgery. Report of two cases; a review of the literature. See comment in PubMed Commons belowVasa. 1996;25(4):378-81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956553

Vertebral Fractures

Baum, T., 2016. Use of MR-based trabecular bone microstructure analysis at the distal radius for osteoporosis diagnostics: a study in post-menopausal women with breast cancer and treated with aromatase inhibitor. Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.1.029.

Das, C., Baruah, U. & Panda, A., 2014. Imaging of vertebral fractures. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(3), p.295. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.131140.

Harvey, N.C. et al., 2015. Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice. Bone, 78, pp.216–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.016.

Vincristine

Bosilkovska, M. et al., 2015. Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain In A Cyp3a5 Non-Expresser With Reduced Cyp3a4 Activity. Clinical Therapeutics, 37(8), p.e134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.382.

Yildiz, F.G. & Temucin, Ç.M., 2016. Vincristine-induced neurotoxicity: electrophysiological features in children. Neurological Research, 38(2), pp.124–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2016.1139321.

Youn, Y. et al., 2016. 353 High-Intensity Ultrasound for the Treatment of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Neurosurgery, 63, p.204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000489842.26163.f7.

Vinorelbine

Casanova, M. et al., 2002. Vinorelbine in previously treated advanced childhood sarcomas. Cancer, 94(12), pp.3263–3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10600.

Curran, M.P. & Plosker, G.L., 2002. Vinorelbine. Drugs & Aging, 19(9), pp.695–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200219090-00006.

Perri, F. et al., 2016. Oral vinorelbine: a feasible and safe partner for radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. OncoTargets and Therapy, p.2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ott.s103645.

Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Raman, D., 1980. A protection against beriberi. BMJ, 280(6208), pp.187–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.280.6208.187.

Samanta, D., 2015. Dry beriberi preceded Wernicke′s encephalopathy: Thiamine deficiency after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 10(3), p.297. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.165732.

Stroh, C., Meyer, F. & Manger, T., 2014. Beriberi, a Severe Complication after Metabolic Surgery - Review of the Literature. Obesity Facts, 7(4), pp.246–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000366012.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Dali-Youcef, N. & Andres, E., 2009. An update on cobalamin deficiency in adults. QJM, 102(1), pp.17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcn138.

Leishear, K. et al., 2012. Relationship Between Vitamin B12 and Sensory and Motor Peripheral Nerve Function in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(6), pp.1057–1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03998.x.

Solomon, L.R., 2016. Functional vitamin B12 deficiency in advanced malignancy: implications for the management of neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(8), pp.3489–3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3175-5.

Tangney, C.C. et al., 2011. Vitamin B12, cognition, and brain MRI measures: A cross-sectional examination. Neurology, 77(13), pp.1276–1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182315a33.

Vulvodynia

Falsetta, M. et al., 2016. A review of the available clinical therapies for vulvodynia management and new data implicating proinflammatory mediators in pain elicitation. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14157

Haefner, H.K. et al., 2005. The Vulvodynia Guideline. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease, 9(1), pp.40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00128360-200501000-00009.

Pukall, C.F. et al., 2016. Vulvodynia: Definition, Prevalence, Impact, and Pathophysiological Factors. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(3), pp.291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.021

Xiphisternal Joint

Fyler, G.W., 1980. Pain in Xiphisternal Joint. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 243(19), p.1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1980.03300450012006

Jelenko, Carl, and George SM Cowan. Perichondritis (Tietze's syndrome) at the xiphisternal joint: A mimic of severe disease. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians 6.12 (1977): 536-542. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/926510