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Bacteria - Biofilm

Biofilm
  • To further secure adherence to the host, and to protect themselves from the immune system and antibiotics, pili and surface adhesins contribute to the formation of biofilms.
  • Comprises bacterial cells, in some cases of multiple strains or species, surrounded by matrix. Biofilm formation is an example of a virulence factor regulated by quorum sensing.
Dental plaque is an example of a biofilm, which we can see in the image as purple-stained areas. – Biofilm production by S. aureus in endocarditis facilitates the growth of large bacterial vegetations, which can damage the heart or, if they break free, cause stroke.