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Dental Arches

Teeth
  • Accessory digestive organs housed within the oral cavity.
  • 32 permanent teeth in the adult, which replace the 20 deciduous teeth, (aka, milk teeth) that are lost during childhood.
4 permanent tooth types:
  • Incisors, which slice and bite through foods
  • Canines, which puncture foods
  • Premolars, which crush and grind foods
  • Molars, which also crush and grind foods
Dental arches
  • Teeth in anatomical position
  • Quadrants along the sagittal plane:
    • Upper (aka, maxillary) quadrants – right and left upper
    • Lower (aka, mandibular) quadrants – right and left lower
Tooth Surfaces
  • Vestibular surface
    • Faces the lips and cheeks; the space between the teeth and overlying soft tissues is the vestibular cavity.
    • Can also be called the labial or buccal surface, which depends on whether the tooth faces the lips or cheeks.
  • Lingual surface
    • Faces the tongue ("lingual" refers to the tongue)
  • Occlusal surface
    • Faces the tooth of the opposite jaw; it is where the teeth from the superior and inferior jaws meet.
    • Occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars have prominent ridges, called cusps, that mash the foods.
    • Premolars typically have two cusps (and are therefore referred to as the bicuspids), and molars typically have 3-5.
  • Mesial surface
    • Faces the midline of the mouth
  • Distal surface
    • Faces away from the midline.
The mesial and distal surfaces of the teeth are collectively called proximal surfaces.