Q. An 18-year-old primigravida comes to the physician's office for an antenatal examination. She is with 28 weeks of gestation and takes irregular antenatal care. She is a smoker and uses cocaine frequently. She is not an alcoholic. Her temperature is 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C), heart rate is 92 beats per minute, blood pressure is 120/80mm of Hg and respiratory rate is 14 per minute. Physical examination is consistent with her gestational period. The ultrasonography shows markedly enlarged hyperechogenic kidneys with poor corticomedullary differentiation and multiple tiny cysts, and dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic ducts and the main bile ducts. The ultrasound elastography shows fetal hepatic fibrosis. Which of the following options best explains the above ultrasonography findings?