Q. A 28-year-old pregnant female at 12 weeks gestation presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, which she has been treated with lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, for the past 2 years. She was unaware of her pregnancy when she started taking the medication. Her blood pressure is well controlled and she has no other complaints. The obstetrician counsels her on the potential risks of continuing the ACE inhibitor during pregnancy. What is the most likely complication that can occur in the fetus if the mother continues to take ACE inhibitors during pregnancy?

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