USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance, which leads to impaired glucose uptake by cells, high glucose levels in the bloodstream, and damage to various organs. Other contributing factors include chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of fat, and genetic predisposition. Increased thirst and hunger Frequent urination Fatigue or weakness Blurred vision Slow healing of wounds or sores Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet Recurrent infections Unintended weight loss or gain Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Unintended weight loss or gain Slow healing of wounds or sores Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet Recurrent infections, especially in the skin, gums, or bladder Fasting blood glucose test Oral glucose tolerance test Glycated hemoglobin test The treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus includes lifestyle modifications, medication, regular monitoring, and management of complications. 1. Lifestyle modifications include a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and reducing stress. 2. Medications for T2DM include metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and insulin. 3. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and other health parameters is necessary. 4. Complications of T2DM may require specific treatments. 5. Patient education is crucial for the successful management of T2DM.