USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Pathophysiology
Transient obstruction of the upper airway that causes hypoxemia
Etiologies
Obesity
Stroke
Male gender
Older age
Craniofacial abnormalities
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
Smoking
Symptoms
Snoring
Fatigue
Somnolence
Morning headaches
Poor concentration
Diagnostics
Polysomnography is the best initial test
Treatment
Weight loss
Continuous positive airway pressure
Uvulopalatoppharyngoplasty
Oral appliance therapy
Hypoglossal nerve stimulation
Tracheostomy