USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Hemoptysis
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USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Hemoptysis
Pathophysiology
Cancer or an infection to the lower respiratory tract such as tuberculosis.
Etiologies
In 90% of cases, the source of bleeding is the bronchial arteries. Pulmonary and systemic arteries can also be affected and lead to hemoptysis. A diffuse alveolar hemorrhage will seldomly lead to bleeding.
Diagnostics
Bronchoscopy
Treatment
Treat the underlying cause
Bronchial artery embolization