USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

USMLE/COMLEX - Step 2 - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis involves an autoimmune response in which antibodies attack the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and impaired hormone production. Feedback mechanisms attempt to compensate, but the gland cannot respond due to damage. There is also a genetic predisposition to the condition. Fatigue and weakness Weight gain Cold intolerance Constipation Dry skin and hair Hair loss Enlargement of the thyroid gland The firm or rubbery texture of the thyroid gland Thyroid nodules Irregular menstrual periods in women Infertility or recurrent miscarriages in women Palpitations or irregular heart rhythm in severe cases Puffy face, particularly around the eyes Slow growth and development in children with congenital hypothyroidism due to maternal antibodies Thyroid function tests Thyroid antibody tests Thyroid ultrasound Fine needle aspiration biopsy Radioactive iodine uptake test The treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis typically involves: 1. Levothyroxine replacement therapy is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone taken orally to replace the missing hormone and help restore normal thyroid function. 2. Monitoring of thyroid function: Regular monitoring of thyroid function, including TSH and T4 levels, is essential to ensure that the levothyroxine replacement therapy is effective and that the hormone levels remain within the normal range. 3. Management of goiter: If the goiter is causing symptoms or is cosmetically unappealing, it may be treated with medications, such as thyroid hormone suppressive therapy or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. 4. Management of other associated conditions: Other conditions associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, such as celiac disease or adrenal insufficiency, may require specific treatment. 5. Regular follow-up: Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor thyroid function, adjust medication doses, and evaluate for any complications or new symptoms.