Vascular Dementia

If we ignore cognitive dysfunction from repeated large vessel infarcts, the following are the two key causes of vascular dementia:

• Multi-Infarct Dementia, specifically, subcortical vascular dementia causes an accumulation of microvascular disease, centrally. It is managed through vascular risk factor modification.
• Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy causes cerebral cortical microhemorrhages and lobar hemorrhages. It is managed through blood pressure management and the avoidance/reduction of antithrombotic agents (when possible/appropriate). Amyloid stains with Congo red staining (it is "congophilic").

The whiteboard tutorial Dementia provides an in-depth review of clinical and radiographic features of vascular dementia.