Toe Hammering/Clawing
Toe Hammering/Clawing
Description
- Toe hammering/clawing (metatarsal heads forced downward) is often associated with pes cavus: high-arch (accentuated-arch) foot.
Neuromuscular causes
- Neuropathy (eg, chronic diabetic polyneuropathy vs Charcot-Marie-Tooth diease)
- Muscular Dystrophy (eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy)
- Spinal cord injury (eg, poliomyelitis with chronic changes or other long-term injury)
- Spastic hemiplegia/hemiparesis with chronic joint arthropathies (eg, "cerebral palsy")