Toe Hammering/Clawing

Toe Hammering/Clawing

Description

Toe hammering/clawing (metatarsal heads forced downward) is often associated with pes cavus: high-arch (accentuated-arch) foot.

Neuromuscular causes

Neuropathy (eg, chronic diabetic polyneuropathy vs Charcot-Marie-Tooth diease)
Muscular Dystrophy (eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy)
Spinal cord injury (eg, poliomyelitis with chronic changes or other long-term injury)
Spastic hemiplegia/hemiparesis with chronic joint arthropathies (eg, "cerebral palsy")