Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is the clinical eponym of granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus. As an over-simplification, we can think of it as sarcoidosis restricted to the cavernous sinus. Painful ophthalmoplegia is the most common presenting symptom of cavernous sinus disease. Cavernous sinus diseases (such as thrombosis, which we addressed, and non-thrombotic causes, such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) often manifest with ocular pain, redness, and proptosis (bulging). For more, see Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis.