- Aka, “Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis”
- Positive-sense RNA Flavivirus with an enveloped icosahedral capsid.
- Carried in the blood, tissue, and semen
– Transmission to the blood via
contaminated needles is currently the most significant form of transmission.
– Can enter a carrier state.
–
Acute hepatitis with resolution.
–
Rapid onset of cirrhosis.
–
Chronic infection is the most common outcome.
Chronic infection is usually asymptomatic, at first; over time, it can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular cancer.
- Extrahepatic manifestations
– Mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (Cryovas)
– B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
– Membrano-proliferative glomeruloneprhitis
– Diabetes mellitus (increased risk)
– Atherosclerosis (increased risk)
– Thyroid disease (increased risk)
– Cholestasis
– Necroinflammation
– Lymphocyte aggregation
– Fibrosis
- No vaccine is yet available to prevent hepatitis C.
– Avoidance of unprotected sex and contaminated needles is recommended.
- Treatment = Antivirals, including glecaprevir, paritaprevir.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
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Cacoub, Patrice, Cloe Comarmond, Fanny Domont, Léa Savey, Anne C. Desbois, and David Saadoun. “Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection.” Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 3, no. 1 (February 2016): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936115585942.
Dhingra, Sadhna, Stephen C Ward, and Swan N Thung. “Liver Pathology of Hepatitis C, beyond Grading and Staging of the Disease.” World Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 1357–66. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1357.
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Kasper, Dennis L., Stephen Hauser L., Larry Jameson J., Anthony S. Fauci, Dan Longo L., and Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
Kryger, P, and P Christoffersen. “Liver Histopathology of the Hepatitis A Virus Infection: A Comparison with Hepatitis Type B and Non-a, Non-B.” Journal of Clinical Pathology 36, no. 6 (June 1983): 650–54.
Levinson, W. Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
Lo Re, Vincent. “Extrahepatic Complications of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV and the Impact of Successful Antiviral Treatment.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 64, no. 4 (February 15, 2017): 498–500. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw814.
“WHO | What Is Hepatitis?” WHO. Accessed August 29, 2018. http://www.who.int/features/qa/76/en/.
