Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin
– Gram-negative infections of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts.
– Moxifloxacin has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, and is used to treat respiratory infections caused by
Haemophilus influenzae and
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
– Halt DNA replication by inhibiting topoisomerase type II (in Gram-negative bacteria) or topoisomerase type IV (in Gram-positive bacteria)
– Modification of these enzymes
– Increases in efflux pumps
– Gastrointestinal upset
– Rash
– Headache
–
QT prolongation
– Tendinopathy or rupture can occur
– Colitis
– They should not be taken with antacids, or during pregnancy.
– They should not be administered to children, due to the possibility of cartilage or bone tissue erosion.
