Leishmania: Leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani, others.
Transmitted via the sandfly.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, and is characterized by one or more papules that eventually become ulcers. The ulcers are usually on exposed skin, and are characterized by central depressions covered with crusts. Though typically painless, these ulcers can facilitate bacterial infections, and often produce scars.
Muco-cutaneousleishmaniasis: Areas of the nose, mouth, and pharynx; without treatment, these tissues are destroyed.
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) is the most severe form. It is characterized by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, with reduction in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; thus, without treatment, it is often fatal.
Even with treatment, dermal lesions can develop six to 12 months after the visceral manifestations subside.
