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Fluoroquinolones
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Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin
  • Most common uses
– Gram-negative infections of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. – Moxifloxacin has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, and is used to treat respiratory infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Mechanism of Action
– Halt DNA replication by inhibiting topoisomerase type II (in Gram-negative bacteria) or topoisomerase type IV (in Gram-positive bacteria)
  • Mechanism of Resistance
– Modification of these enzymes – Increases in efflux pumps
  • Adverse effects
– Gastrointestinal upset – Rash – Headache – QT prolongation – Tendinopathy or rupture can occur – Colitis – They should not be taken with antacids, or during pregnancy. – They should not be administered to children, due to the possibility of cartilage or bone tissue erosion.

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