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Common Myeloid Progenitor Cell Line

CMP:
Megakaryocytes:
  • In the presence of interleukin 11, the descendants of the CMP gives rise to megakaryoblasts, which are large basophilic cells with a bean-shaped nucleus.
  • Under the influence of thrombopoietin, the megakaryoblast matures to form the megakaryocyte (be aware that thrombopoietin is also referred to as THPO and megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF), and c-Mpl ligand).
  • Megakaryoctes are large cells with multilobed, irregular nuclei.
    • The plasma membrane of mature cells invaginates to form demarcation membranes that fragment the cytoplasm.
    • The fragments are shed into the blood as platelets, aka, thrombocytes, which perform key hemostatic functions.
Erythrocyte:
  • Erythropoietin (EPO) initiates the erythroid series, which begins with formation of the proerythroblast and ends with the mature erythrocyte (aka, red blood cell).
Granulocytes:
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) triggers formation of the myeloblast, which will give rise to 4 of the
5 white blood cell lines:
Eosinophils
    • Interleukin 5 triggers production of eosinophils
    • These white blood cells are characterized by multi-lobed nuclei and bright orange/red staining granules.
Basophils
    • Interleukin 3 triggers production of basophils, which, as their name implies, are highly basophilic.
(be aware that interleukin 3 has widespread influence over the other cell lines, too.)
Neutrophils
  • Presence of granulocyte – colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), myeloblasts become neutrophils.
    • These white blood cells comprise lobulated nuclei and a pale pink cytoplasm.
Agranulocytes:
Monocyte
  • In the presence of monoblast – colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), the monoblast gives rise to the monocyte
  • This white blood cell has a bean-shaped nucleus, with visible chromatin, and blue-gray cytoplasm.
  • Outside of the red marrow, the monocyte differentiates:
    • In the connective tissues, it becomes a macrophage, which can phagocytose dozens of particles, even damaged red blood cells.
    • In the bone, the macrophage becomes an osteoclast, which resorbs bone tissue during growth and remodeling.