Layer 1:
Abductor hallucis:
- Originates on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
- Inserts on the base of the proximal phalanx of toe 1
- Abducts toe 1.
- Originates on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
- Inserts on the middle phalanges of toes 2—4; splits to allow passage of tendons of flexor digititorum.
- Flexes toes 2—4.
- Originates on the medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus
- Inserts on the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe,
- Abducts toe 5.
Foot - Intrinsic Plantar
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Primary actions of the superficial plantar intrinsic muscles are toe:
- Abduction
- Flexion
- Lumbricals also produce some degree of toe extension