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Upper Extremity - Bones & Photos
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Upper Extremity - Bones & Photos

Humerus
  • Head
    • Articulates proximally with the scapula
  • Neck
    • Anatomical neck separates head of the humerus from lesser and greater tubercles; is where the glenohumeral joint capsule attaches to the humerus to help stabilize the shoulder joint
(Surgical neck is slightly distal, is vulnerable to fracture)
  • Shaft
    • Greater tubercle arises laterally
    • Lesser tubercle rises medially
    • Intertubercular groove (aka, sulcus, aka, bicipital groove/sulcus) extends between the greater and lesser tubercles
    • Deltoid tuberosity along lateral side of humerus (deltoid muscle attachment site)
    • Radial groove (posterior) for radial nerve
    • Olecranon fossa (posterior) for olecranon process of ulna
  • Epicondyles (medial and lateral)
    • Medial epicondyle is more prominent, ulnar nerve runs posteriorly
  • Condyle
    • Capitulum is lateral rounded projection
    • Trochlea is medial pully-shaped projection
    • Radial fossa is superior to capitulum
    • Coronoid fossa is superior to the trochlea
Humerus, Proximal, Anterolateral, Tubercle, Head, Neck
Humerus, Distal, Anterior, Epicondyle, Trochlea, Capitulum
Humerus, Posterior Shaft, Deltoid tuberosity, Radial Groove
Humerus distal, posterior, olecranon fossa, epicondyle
Radius
Lateral bone of forearm.
  • Head
    • Disc-shaped to accommodate capitulum of humerus
  • Neck
    • Between head and shaft; radial tuberosity is medial raised portion
  • Shaft is slightly curved
  • Styloid process (lateral)
    • At distal end, cradles bones of wrist (aka, carpals)
  • Ulnar notch (medial)
    • Articulates with ulna
Radius, anterior, radial tuberosity, styloid process
Radius, distal, inferior, styloid process
Ulna
Medial bone of forearm
  • Olecranon process
    • Proximal; articulates with humerus via trochlear notch
  • Coronoid process
    • At base of trochlear notch, rests in the coronoid fossa of the humerus during elbow flexion
  • Tuberosity of the ulna
    • Inferior to the coronoid process (muscle attachment site)
  • Head
    • Distal end of ulna
  • Radial notch (lateral)
    • Where ulna articulates with the radius
  • Styloid process (medial)
Ulna, anterior, coronoid process, trochlear notch
Ulna, lateral view, trochlear notch, coronoid process, radial notch, olecranon, styloid process
Hand
8 Carpals: Distal row, from radial to unlar sides:
  • Trapezium
    • Irregularly-shaped bone that articulates with the first digit, the thumb
  • Trapezoid
    • Boot-shaped
  • Capitate
    • Head-shaped and is the largest carpal
  • Hamate
    • Hook-like projection
Proximal row, from radial to ulnar side:
  • Scaphoid
    • Boat-shaped and articulates with the radius
  • Lunate
    • Crescent-shaped
  • Triquetrium
    • Three articular surfaces (hence, tri-quetrium)
  • Pisiform
    • Pea-shaped, and lies superficial to the triquetrium.
    • The pisiform is technically a sesamoid bone, as it is formed within a tendon
5 metacarpals (palm):
  • Articulate with carpals, proximally,
  • Articulate with phalanges, distally.
Phalanges (fingers): Named for their location:
  • Proximal phalanges articulate with metacarpals
  • Distal phalanges comprise the finger-tips.
  • Middle phalanges are present on digits 2-5, only, lie between proximal and distal phalanges.
  • Digit 1, the thumb, has only proximal and distal phalanges.
Hand bones anterior; carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Hand, wrist bones: carpals anterior
Hand, wrist bones: carpals posterior
Photos from:
https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/bluelink/resources/bluelinks/labeled-bones-joints-and-movement-images

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