Nucleic Acids: Sugars & Bases
dna
- Phosphate
- 4 Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)
- Deoxyribose
rna
- Phosphate
- 4 Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)
- Ribose
differences between DNA and RNA
- DNA has deoxyribose. RNA has ribose.
- DNA uses thymine. RNA uses uracil
- Whereas ribose has an hydroxyl at carbon 2, deoxyribose does NOT.
- Guanine (G)
- Adenine (A)
- Double-ring structure with 4 nitrogens and 4 double bonds.
Pyrimidine
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine (T) DNA only
- Uracil (U) RNA only
- One ring structure with 2 nitrogens and 3 double bonds.
3 hydrogen bonds between G and C
- The amino group hydrogen on C2 of guanine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C2 of cytosine
- The hydrogen atom bound to N1 of guanine bonds with N3 of cytosine.
- An amino group hydrogen on C4 of cytosine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C6 of guanine.
2 hydrogen bonds between A and T/U
- The hydrogen atom on N3 of thymine/uracil bonds with N1 of adenine
- An amino group hydrogen on C6 of adenine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C4 of thymine/uracil