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Endocytosis

ENDOCYTOSIS
  • Membrane invagination has solutes in it
  • Vesicle formed from this invagination traffics to the early endosome
  • Next the solutes are trafficked to the late endosome
  • Solutes are then delivered to the lysosome where they are broken down for use by the cell
Early Endosome vs Late Endosome
  • Differences in acidity (early endosome is slightly less acidic)
  • Differences in protein composition
Three types of endocytosis:
1) Pinocytosis
  • All eukaryotic cells utilize this
  • Vesicles are less than 150nm in diameter
2) Phagocytosis
  • Vesicles generally greater than 250nm in diameter (phagosomes)
  • Phagosomes delivered directly to lysosomes
  • Usually only specialized cells use phagocytosis
3) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
  • All eukaryotic cells utilize this
  • Very specific for the molecules ingested
  • Can concentrate solute molecules
  • Can allow for transcytosis
Transcytosis
  • Allows polarized cells to move molecules from one side of the cell to another

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