Key Constituents Exclusive to Plant Cells:
- Cell wall made of cellulose
- Plasmodesmata
- Central vacuole
- Tonoplast
- Chloroplast (photosynthetic organelle)
- Plasma membrane
- Cytosol
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Nucleus
- Chromatin
- Nucleolus
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth ER and rough ER) and ER lumen
- Golgi apparatus
- Endosome
- Mitochondria
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton made up of: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
- Centrosome
Cell Architecture of Plants (Eukaryotes)
Much of what we learn regarding plant cell architecture overlaps with animal cell architecture. Key unique characteristics of plants is that:
- Their cell wall is made of cellulose.
- They have plasmodesmata, which are channels through the cell wall and plasma membrane connecting the cytoplasms of adjacent cells.
- They have a central vacuole for storage, waste breakdown, and for help in metabolism.
- They also have a tonoplast, which is the membrane that encloses the central vacuole.
- The have chloroplasts (the photosynthetic organelle), which comprises an outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma (fluid within inner membrane), thylakoids.
- Plasma membrane
- Cytosol
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Nucleus
- Chromatin
- Nucleolus
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth ER and rough ER) and ER lumen
- Golgi apparatus
- Endosome
- Mitochondria
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton made up of: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
- Centrosome