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Nucleic Acids: Sugars & Bases
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Nucleic Acids: Sugars & Bases

dna
  • Phosphate
  • 4 Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)
  • Deoxyribose
rna
  • Phosphate
  • 4 Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)
  • Ribose
differences between DNA and RNA
  • DNA has deoxyribose. RNA has ribose.
  • DNA uses thymine. RNA uses uracil
    • Whereas ribose has an hydroxyl at carbon 2, deoxyribose does NOT.
  • Guanine (G)
  • Adenine (A)
  • Double-ring structure with 4 nitrogens and 4 double bonds.
Pyrimidine
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Thymine (T) DNA only
  • Uracil (U) RNA only
  • One ring structure with 2 nitrogens and 3 double bonds.
3 hydrogen bonds between G and C
  • The amino group hydrogen on C2 of guanine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C2 of cytosine
  • The hydrogen atom bound to N1 of guanine bonds with N3 of cytosine.
  • An amino group hydrogen on C4 of cytosine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C6 of guanine.
2 hydrogen bonds between A and T/U
  • The hydrogen atom on N3 of thymine/uracil bonds with N1 of adenine
  • An amino group hydrogen on C6 of adenine bonds with the carbonyl oxygen on C4 of thymine/uracil